Hospitalization Rates in Interstitial Lung Disease: An Analysis of the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Registry.

Little is known about hospitalization in other types of interstitial lung disease (ILD) besides idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). To determine the frequency of hospitalizations in various types of ILD and elucidate the association of hospitalization with outcomes. An analysis of the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry data was performed.

Neonatal cholestasis in children with Alpha-1-AT deficiency is a risk for earlier severe liver disease with male predominance.

Background: Our objective was to better understand the natural history and disease modifiers of Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), a common genetic liver disease causing hepatitis and cirrhosis in adults and children. The clinical course is highly variable. Some infants present with neonatal cholestasis, which can resolve spontaneously or progress to cirrhosis; others are well in infancy, only to develop portal hypertension later in childhood.

External validation and longitudinal application of the DO-GAP index to individualise survival prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: The Distance-Oxygen-Gender-Age-Physiology (DO-GAP) index has been shown to improve prognostication in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) compared to the Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) score. We sought to externally validate the DO-GAP index compared to the GAP index for baseline risk assessment in patients with IPF. Additionally, we evaluated the utility of serial change in the DO-GAP index in predicting survival.

Peer- and web-based interventions for risky drinking among US National Guard members: Mission Strong randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To test separatel the efficacy of a web-based and a peer-based brief intervention (BI), compared with an expanded usual care control (EUC) group, among military reserve component members using alcohoI in a hazardous and harmful manner.

Design: In the randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to: [1] web-based BI with web-based boosters (BI + web), [2] web-based BI with peer-based boosters (BI + peer) or [3] enhanced usual care (EUC).

Setting: Michigan, USA.

Impact of long-term administration of maralixibat on children with cholestasis secondary to Alagille syndrome.

There is growing interest in, but limited data about, intestinal bile acid transport inhibitors as treatment for cholestatic liver disease. The current analyses combine two similar randomized placebo-controlled trials with subsequent extension phases investigating the impact of maralixibat in children with severe cholestasis secondary to Alagille Syndrome (n = 57). The primary outcomes were measures of pruritus (ItchRO[Obs]) and clinician scratch scale (CSS), both increasing in severity from 0 to 4) and quality of life (QoL) (Parent PedsQL and Multidimensional Fatigue Scale module [MFS] scaled 0-100 with increased QoL) at week 48 of the extension phase relative to the baseline of the placebo-controlled trials (week 13).

Predictors of Booster Engagement Following a Web-Based Brief Intervention for Alcohol Misuse Among National Guard Members: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Alcohol misuse is a major health concern among military members. Reserve component members face unique barriers as they live off base with limited access to behavioral health services. Web and app-based brief interventions are a promising means to improve access to treatment for those who misuse alcohol, with the use of booster sessions to enhance effectiveness, solidify gains, and reinforce changes.

Provider and clinical setting characteristics associated with tobacco pharmacotherapy dispensed in the Veterans Health Administration.

Introduction: While initiation rates of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy have improved both inside and outside the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA), prescribing rates remain low. The objective of this study was to examine correlation of the characteristics of providers, clinics, and facilities with initiation of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study used VA outpatient electronic medical record data from federal fiscal year 2011.

Benzodiazepine Use among Medicare, Commercially Insured, and Veteran Older Adults, 2013-2017.

Background/objectives: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are widely prescribed to older adults. Although prescribing has declined in the U.S.

Undergraduate nursing students' pharmacology knowledge and risk of error estimate.

Background: In the United States alone, medication error causes injury to approximately 1.3 million people every year. Frequently, nurses have been blamed for the high rates of medication administration errors.

Polysubstance use and association with opioid use disorder treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration.

Aims: To understand the role of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs), or polysubstance use, in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), this study compared patients with OUD only to those with additional SUDs and examined association with OUD treatment receipt.

Design, Setting And Participants: Retrospective national cohort study of Veterans diagnosed with OUD (n = 65 741) receiving care from the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in fiscal year (FY) 2017.

Measurements: Patient characteristics were compared among those diagnosed with OUD only versus those with one other SUD (OUD + 1 SUD) and with multiple SUDs (OUD + ≥ 2 SUDs).

Cost-effectiveness of real-world administration of tobacco pharmacotherapy in the United States Veterans Health Administration.

Background And Aims: Cost-effectiveness studies in randomized clinical trials have shown that tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy is among the most cost-effective of health-care interventions. Clinical trial eligibility criteria and treatment protocols may not be followed in actual practice. This study aimed to determine whether tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy is cost-effective in real-world settings.

Alcohol use severity and age moderate the effects of brief interventions in an emergency department randomized controlled trial.

Background: The primary aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of two motivational interviewing-based alcohol brief interventions (BIs) among adults presenting to an emergency department (ED). The secondary aim was to evaluate moderators of intervention effects.

Methods: Participants were 750 ED patients reporting recent alcohol misuse.

Effectiveness of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy in the Veterans Health Administration.

Introduction: In 2003, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented a directive that cessation pharmacotherapy be made available to all who use tobacco and are interested in quitting. Despite the efficacy of cessation pharmacotherapy shown in clinical trials, the generalisability of the results in real-world settings has been challenged. Hence, the specific aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cessation pharmacotherapies in the VHA.

Sexual HIV risk behavior outcomes of brief interventions for drug use in an inner-city emergency department: Secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Drug use is an established risk factor for HIV. Brief Interventions (BIs) targeting reductions in both drug use and HIV risk behaviors may help curtail these related epidemics. The present study evaluates the impact of BIs for drug use and HIV risk reduction on sexual HIV risk behaviors among a primarily marijuana-using sample during a 12-month post-intervention follow-up period.

A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions to reduce drug use among adults in a low-income urban emergency department: the HealthiER You study.

Aims: To examine efficacy of drug brief interventions (BIs) among adults presenting to a low-income urban emergency department (ED).

Design: Randomized controlled trial on drug use outcomes at 3, 6 and 12 months. Participants were assigned to (1) computer-delivered BI (Computer BI), (2) therapist-delivered, computer-guided BI (Therapist BI) or (3) enhanced usual care (EUC-ED) for drug-using adults.