Neurocognitive and Synaptic Potentiation Deficits Are Mitigated by Inhibition of HIF1a Signaling following Intermittent Hypoxia in Rodents.

A HIF1a-Dependent Pro-Oxidant State Disrupts Synaptic Plasticity and Impairs Spatial Memory in Response to Intermittent Hypoxia. Alejandra Arias-Cavieres, Maggie A. Khuu, Chinwendu U.

Astrocytes Function as an Intermediate for Retrograde Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus to Influence Circadian Clock Timing.

Cannabinoid Signaling Recruits Astrocytes to Modulate Presynaptic Function in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Lauren M. Hablitz, Ali N.

Pharmacological Inactivation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Does Not Support Dichotomous "Go/Stop" Roles for Dorsal and Ventral Subdivisions in Natural Reward Seeking in Rats.

Differential Effects of Dorsal and Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex Inactivation during Natural Reward Seeking, Extinction, and Cue-Induced Reinstatement. Jessica P. Caballero, Garrett B.

Transplanted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Wire and Fire with Balanced Excitation-Inhibition in Rat Cortex.

Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Integrate into Rat Brain Circuits and Maintain Both Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Activities. Xiling Yin, Jin-Chong Xu, Gun-sik Cho, Chulan Kwon, Ted M. Dawson and Valina L.

Does Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation Causes Sex Differences in Schizophrenia-Related Behavioral Outcomes in Adult Rats?

Maternal Immune Activation during Pregnancy Alters the Behavior Profile of Female Offspring of Sprague Dawley Rats, by Brittney R. Lins, Wendie N. Marks, Nadine K.

Differential Effects of Chronic Alcohol Consumption on Cortical and Subcortical Brain Volume in Adolescent Nonhuman Primates.

Chronic Alcohol Drinking Slows Brain Development in Adolescent and Young Adult Nonhuman Primates, by Tatiana A. Shnitko, Zheng Liu, Xiaojie Wang, Kathleen A. Grant, and Christopher D.

Ultrasonic Vocalizations Emitted during Defensive Behavior Alter the Influence of the Respiratory Rhythm on Brain Oscillatory Dynamics in the Fear Circuit of Rats.

New Insights from 22-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations to Characterize Fear Responses: Relationship with Respiration and Brain Oscillatory Dynamics, by Maryne Dupin, Samuel Garcia, Julie Boulanger-Bertolus, Nathalie Buonviso, and Anne-Marie Mouly.

Concurrent Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsal Hippocampal Activity Is Required for Estradiol-Mediated Effects on Object Memory and Spatial Memory Consolidation.

Chemogenetic Suppression of Medial Prefrontal-Dorsal Hippocampal Interactions Prevents Estrogenic Enhancement of Memory Consolidation in Female Mice by, Jennifer J. Tuscher, Lisa R. Taxier, Jayson C.

Estrogen-Dominant Ovarian Cycle Stages Are Associated with Neural Network Dysfunction and Cognitive and Behavioral Deficits in the hAPP-J20 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Ovarian Cycle Stages Modulate Alzheimer-Related Cognitive and Brain Network Alterations in Female Mice, by Lauren Broestl, Kurtresha Worden, Arturo J. Moreno, Emily J. Davis, Dan Wang, Bayardo Garay, Tanya Singh, Laure Verret, Jorge J.

Potential Protein Target to Therapeutically Restore Positive Mood States in Depression.

Disorders of the Nervous System Highlighted Research Paper: p11 in Cholinergic Interneurons of the Nucleus Accumbens Is Essential for Dopamine Responses to Rewarding Stimuli, by Y. Hanada, Y. Kawahara, Y.

Partial, Rather than Full, BACE1 Inhibition May Be a Better Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease Due to Effects of Complete Loss of BACE1 Activity on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

BACE1 Regulates Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Newborn Cells in the Adult Hippocampus in Mice by, Zena K. Chatila, Eunhee Kim, Clara Berlé, Enjana Bylykbashi, Alexander Rompala, Mary K. Oram, Drew Gupta, Sang Su Kwak, Young Hye Kim, Doo Yeon Kim, Se Hoon Choi, and Rudolph E.

Changes in Functional Brain Connectivity Highlight the Importance of a Baseline Measurement and Multiple Imaging Sessions for Cocaine Abstinence Studies.

Functional Connectivity of Chronic Cocaine Use Reveals Progressive Neuroadaptations in Neocortical, Striatal, and Limbic Networks by, Caitlin A. Orsini, Luis M. Colon-Perez, Sara C.

How Do Stay Awake during the Daytime? Dopaminergic Neurons Are Inhibited by the Pigment Dispersing Factor Signaling Pathway to Promote Wakefulness.

Wakefulness Is Promoted during Day Time by PDFR Signalling to Dopaminergic Neurons in , by, Sheetal Potdar and Vasu Sheeba.

Spontaneous Brain Oscillations Induce Neuronal Excitability Changes That Affect Subjective Perception, Rather Than Decision-Making Strategy.

Moment-to-Moment Fluctuations in Neuronal Excitability Bias Subjective Perception Rather than Strategic Decision-Making, by Luca Iemi and Niko A. Busch.

Olig1 and Olig2 triplication causes developmental brain defects in Down syndrome.

Over-inhibition is thought to be one of the underlying causes of the cognitive deficits in Ts65Dn mice, the most widely used model of Down syndrome. We found a direct link between gene triplication and defects in neuron production during embryonic development. These neurogenesis defects led to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons and to increased inhibitory drive in the Ts65Dn forebrain.

Sonic hedgehog expressing and responding cells generate neuronal diversity in the medial amygdala.

Background: The mammalian amygdala is composed of two primary functional subdivisions, classified according to whether the major output projection of each nucleus is excitatory or inhibitory. The posterior dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the medial amygdala, which primarily contain inhibitory output neurons, modulate specific aspects of innate socio-sexual and aggressive behaviors. However, the development of the neuronal diversity of this complex and important structure remains to be fully elucidated.

Emx1-lineage progenitors differentially contribute to neural diversity in the striatum and amygdala.

In the developing mammalian basal telencephalon, neural progenitors from the subpallium generate the majority of inhibitory medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum, while both pallial- and subpallial-derived progenitors contribute to excitatory and inhibitory neuronal diversity in the amygdala. Using a combination of approaches, including genetic fate mapping, cell birth dating, cell migration assays, and electrophysiology, we find that cells derived from the Emx1 lineage contribute to two distinct neuronal populations in the mature basal forebrain: inhibitory MSNs in the striatum and functionally distinct subclasses of excitatory neurons in the amygdala. Our cell birth-dating studies reveal that these two populations are born at different times during early neurogenesis, with the amygdala population born before the MSNs.

Interaction of reelin with amyloid precursor protein promotes neurite outgrowth.

The processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Abeta is an important event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but the physiological function of APP is not well understood. Our previous work has shown that APP processing and Abeta production are regulated by the extracellular matrix protein Reelin. In the present study, we examined whether Reelin interacts with APP, and the functional consequences of that interaction in vitro.

Differential regulation of telencephalic pallial-subpallial boundary patterning by Pax6 and Gsh2.

In the embryonic telencephalon, the pallial-subpallial boundary (PSB) separates the dorsal Pax6+ pallium from the ventral Gsh2+ subpallium. Previous studies have revealed that this region is a source of cells that will populate both the olfactory bulb and basal telencephalic limbic system. However, the level of progenitor cell heterogeneity and developmental genetic regulation of this progenitor region remains to be fully elucidated.

Comparative analysis of extra-ventricular mitoses at early stages of cortical development in rat and human.

Embryonic germinal zones of the dorsal and ventral telencephalon generate cortical neurons during the final week of gestation in rodent and during several months in human. Whereas the vast majority of cortical interneurons originate from the ventral telencephalon, excitatory neurons are locally generated within the germinal zone of the dorsal telencephalon, the future cerebral cortex, itself. However, a number of studies have described proliferating cells external to the ventricular and subventricular germinal zones in the developing dorsal telencephalon.

In vivo quantum dot labeling of mammalian stem and progenitor cells.

Fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) are a class of multifunctional inorganic fluorophores that hold great promise for clinical applications and biomedical research. Because no methods currently exist for directed QD-labeling of mammalian cells in the nervous system in vivo, we developed novel in utero electroporation and ultrasound-guided in vivo delivery techniques to efficiently and directly label neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) of the developing mammalian central nervous system with QDs. Our initial safety and proof of concept studies of one and two-cell QD-labeled mouse embryos reveal that QDs are compatible with early mammalian embryonic development.

Cell migration along the lateral cortical stream to the developing basal telencephalic limbic system.

During embryogenesis, the lateral cortical stream (LCS) emerges from the corticostriatal border (CSB), the boundary between the developing cerebral cortex and striatum. The LCS is comprised of a mix of pallial- and subpallial-derived neural progenitor cells that migrate to the developing structures of the basal telencephalon, most notably the piriform cortex and amygdala. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we analyzed the timing, composition, migratory modes, origin, and requirement of the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Gsh2 (genomic screened homeobox 2) in the development of this prominent migratory stream.