Prenatal iodine supplementation and early childhood neurodevelopment: the PoppiE trial - study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Observational studies suggest both low and high iodine intakes in pregnancy are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. This raises concern that current universal iodine supplement recommendations for pregnant women in populations considered to be iodine sufficient may negatively impact child neurodevelopment. We aim to determine the effect of reducing iodine intake from supplements for women who have adequate iodine intake from food on the cognitive development of children at 24 months of age.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis: A rare cause of liver dysfunction in pregnancy.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is an uncommon condition with few cases reported in pregnancy. We present the case and outcome of a 28-year-old female presenting in her second pregnancy with new onset liver dysfunction, eventually diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis. She went into spontaneous preterm labour and delivered a healthy infant but has subsequently continued to deteriorate and underwent a liver transplant 11 months post-delivery.

Protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study of families with full-term infants on postnatal wards and in the community to capture feeding practices across the first year of life: the Mother Infant Lactation Questionnaire (MILQ) study.

Introduction: Breastmilk is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition. Breast feeding is recommended as the sole source of nutrition between birth until around 6 months of age and should be continued beyond this age as complementary foods are introduced. While breast feeding initiation is generally high in developed countries, continuation of breast feeding appears to drop rapidly.

PrEggNut Study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of a maternal diet rich in eggs and peanuts from <23 weeks' gestation during pregnancy to 4 months' lactation on infant IgE-mediated egg and peanut allergy outcomes.

Introduction: Clinical studies supported by immunological data indicate early life intervention strategies to be promising in reducing the growing global burden of food allergies. The events that predispose to food allergy, including the induction of allergen-specific immune responses, appear to be initiated early in development. Early exposure to food allergens in utero and via breast milk is likely to be important in initiating oral tolerance.

Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures.

Background: Developments in ultrasound assessment of pregnancy has resulted in the increasing diagnosis of antenatal fetal issues. Many structural fetal conditions as well as complications associated with multiple pregnancies have the potential for in-utero treatment to improve both pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Procedures such as laser ablation for twin-twin syndrome or cord occlusion for selective fetal termination require fetal immobilisation.

Change in timing of induction protocol in nulliparous women to optimise timing of birth: results from a single centre study.

Background: Induction of labour (IOL) is a common obstetric intervention. When planning IOL, especially in women at risk for complications at delivery, the aim should be for delivery to occur when senior staff are available to optimise safe care.

Methods: A change in timing of IOL protocol at our institution was introduced in November 2018 aiming to increase births occurring "in-hours" defined as 08:00 to 20:00 h.

A comparison of praevia and non-praevia outcomes in placenta accreta spectrum cases: A single centre analysis.

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) causes severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Antenatal diagnosis can optimise maternal outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. PAS cases where the placenta is not low lying are suggested to be more difficult to diagnose antenatally and are potentially associated with different outcomes.

Nifedipine for primary dysmenorrhoea.

Background: Dysmenorrhoea (period pain) is a common condition with a substantial impact on the well-being and productivity of women. Primary dysmenorrhoea is defined as recurrent, cramping pelvic pain that occurs with periods, in the presence of a normal uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. It is thought to be caused by uterine contractions (cramps) associated with a high level of production of local chemicals such as prostaglandins.

Skin and subcutaneous fascia closure at caesarean section to reduce wound complications: the closure randomised trial.

Background: Wound infection is a common complication following caesarean section. Factors influencing the risk of infection may include the suture material for skin closure, and closure of the subcutaneous fascia. We assessed the effect of skin closure with absorbable versus non-absorbable suture, and closure versus non-closure of the subcutaneous fascia on risk of wound infection following Caesarean section.

Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period.

Background: Perineal trauma, due to spontaneous tears, surgical incision (episiotomy), or in association with operative vaginal birth, is common after vaginal birth, and is often associated with postpartum perineal pain. Birth over an intact perineum may also lead to perineal pain. There are adverse health consequences associated with perineal pain for the women and their babies in the short- and long-term, and the pain may interfere with newborn care and the establishment of breastfeeding.

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy.

Background: Multiple pregnancy is a strong risk factor for preterm birth, and more than 50% of women with a twin pregnancy will give birth prior to 37 weeks' gestation. Infants born preterm are recognised to be at increased risk of many adverse health outcomes, contributing to more than half of overall perinatal mortality. Progesterone is produced naturally in the body and has a role in maintaining pregnancy, although it is not clear whether administering progestogens to women with multiple pregnancy at high risk of early birth is effective and safe.

Intravenous or oral iron for treating iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To compare the effects on perinatal maternal and neonatal outcomes of intravenous and oral iron therapy as first-line treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in pregnant women.

Study Design: A meta-analysis, applying fixed and random effects models, of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of intravenous and oral iron therapy for pregnant women with IDA.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science; bibliographies of identified articles.

Nutrition During Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Childhood and its Implications for Maternal and Long-Term Child Health: The Early Nutrition Project Recommendations.

Background: A considerable body of evidence accumulated especially during the last decade, demonstrating that early nutrition and lifestyle have long-term effects on later health and disease ("developmental or metabolic programming").

Methods: Researchers involved in the European Union funded international EarlyNutrition research project consolidated the scientific evidence base and existing recommendations to formulate consensus recommendations on nutrition and lifestyle before and during pregnancy, during infancy and early childhood that take long-term health impact into account. Systematic reviews were performed on published dietary guidelines, standards and recommendations, with special attention to long-term health consequences.

The multidisciplinary management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) within a single tertiary centre: A ten-year experience.

Introduction: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) covers a spectrum of placental adherence abnormalities: placenta accreta, increta and percreta. PAS is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork in the management of PAS.

Effect of metformin in addition to dietary and lifestyle advice for pregnant women who are overweight or obese: the GRoW randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with well recognised pregnancy complications. Antenatal dietary and lifestyle interventions have a modest effect on gestational weight gain without affecting pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to assess the effects on maternal and infant outcomes of antenatal metformin given in addition to dietary and lifestyle advice among overweight and obese pregnant women.

The effect of maternal obesity on fetal biometry, body composition, and growth velocity.

The aim of this secondary analysis was to investigate the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and fetal biometry, body composition, and velocity measurements at 28 and 36 weeks gestation. The current analysis involves 911 overweight or obese women who were randomized to the Standard Care group of the LIMIT randomized trial. The fetus of women with Class 3 obesity (BMI ≥ 40.

Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes.

Background: There has been considerable interest in providing antenatal dietary and lifestyle advice for women with obesity or who are overweight during pregnancy, as a strategy to limit gestational weight gain and improve maternal and infant health. However, such antenatal interventions appear to have a modest effect on gestational weight gain and other clinical pregnancy and birth outcomes and additional strategies are required.Metformin is an oral insulin-sensitising medication that acts to decrease blood glucose concentrations.

Correction: Gestational Dietary Protein Is Associated with Sex Specific Decrease in Blood Flow, Fetal Heart Growth and Post-Natal Blood Pressure of Progeny.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Awareness of Listeriosis and Methylmercury toxicity public health recommendations and diet during pregnancy.

Background: Awareness of Listeriosis and Methylmercury toxicity recommendations are associated with decreased intake of high-risk foods. Whether awareness of the recommendations affect dietary quality of pregnant women in Australian is unknown.

Aim: To evaluate awareness of Listeriosis and Methylmercury toxicity recommendations during pregnancy and its impact on dietary quality.

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes.

Background: Increased ultrasound surveillance of twin pregnancies has become accepted practice due to the higher risk of complications. There is no current consensus however as to the method and frequency of ultrasound monitoring that constitutes optimal care.

Objectives: To systematically review the effects of different types and frequency of ultrasound surveillance for women with a twin pregnancy on neonatal, fetal and maternal outcomes.

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy.

Background: Multiple pregnancy is a strong risk factor for preterm birth, and more than 50% of women with a twin pregnancy will give birth prior to 37 weeks' gestation. Infants born preterm are recognised to be at increased risk of many adverse health outcomes, contributing to more than half of overall perinatal mortality. Progesterone is produced naturally in the body and has a role in maintaining pregnancy, although it is not clear whether administering progestogens to women with multiple pregnancy at high risk of early birth is effective and safe.

Safety and efficacy of intravenous iron polymaltose, iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy: A systematic review.

Background: Intravenous (IV) iron in pregnancy is useful where oral iron is not tolerated or a rapid replenishment of iron is required.

Aims: To review the literature on the efficacy and safety of different IV iron preparations in the management of antenatal iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA).

Materials And Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus from inception to June 2016.

Evaluation of a smartphone nutrition and physical activity application to provide lifestyle advice to pregnant women: The SNAPP randomised trial.

Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a smartphone application as an adjunct to face-to-face consultations in facilitating dietary and physical activity change among pregnant women. This multicentre, nested randomised trial involved pregnant women with a body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m , with a singleton pregnancy between 10 and 20 weeks' gestation, and participating in 2 pregnancy nutrition-based randomised trials across metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia.

Elective repeat caesarean section versus induction of labour for women with a previous caesarean birth.

Background: When a woman has had a previous caesarean birth and requires induction of labour for a subsequent pregnancy, two options are available for her care: an elective repeat caesarean and planned induction of labour. Although risks and benefits are associated with both elective repeat caesarean birth and planned induction of labour, current sources of information are limited to non-randomised cohort studies, and studies designed in this way have significant potential for bias. Consequently, any conclusions based on results of these studies are limited in their reliability and should be interpreted with caution.