Publications by authors named "Rosalba Rojas-Martinez"
Background: There is large variation in the individual risk of developing obesity-associated comorbidities. While obesity is highly prevalent in Mexico, data on the extent and heterogeneity of its associated co-morbidities is lacking. Hereby, we estimated the prevalence of different obesity-associated comorbidities, and how they have changed over 15 years.
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Salud Publica Mex
August 2024
Objetivo: Diseñar y valorar un puntaje de riesgo para prediabetes y diabetes en adultos de 20 años no diagnosticados en México en el periodo 2021-2023. El puntaje se desarrollará con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) Continua de los años 2021, 2022 y 2023 y servirá para elaborar recomendaciones de salud pública. Material y métodos.
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Salud Publica Mex
August 2024
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de adultos con hipertensión arterial (HTA) diagnosticada, tratada y controlada, utilizando el marco de las cascadas de atención en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2020-2023. Material y métodos. Se analizó la información de 3 094 adultos ≥20 años de edad.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjetivo: Actualizar las prevalencias de diabetes tipo 2 (DT2), estimar las cascadas de tamizaje y atención de la DT2 en población adulta mexicana. Material y métodos. Se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2023.
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Salud Publica Mex
April 2024
Objective: To inform the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and vascular complications in Mexican adults with early- and late-onset diabetes.
Materials And Methods: Information from adults aged 20 years and over participating in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018 was used. To compare variables, chi-square tests and Student's t-test were performed.
Article Synopsis
- A study analyzed prediabetes prevalence trends in Mexico from 2016 to 2022 using different definitions (ADA, WHO, IEC) after excluding known diabetes cases.
- The overall prevalence of prediabetes in 2022 was 20.9%, showing a downward trend for certain definitions, while HbA1c-based definitions indicated an increase, especially among adults over 40 and those with other risk factors.
- The findings suggest that, despite some decreases in certain prediabetes criteria, there is still a rising concern related to cardiometabolic conditions linked to prediabetes in Mexico.
Objetivo: Presentar las prevalencias de adultos que acudieron a realizarse pruebas de detección de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en el año previo, las prevalencias por diagnóstico previo de algunas ECNT, así como la proporción de los que siguen tratamiento farmacológico. Material y métodos. Se analizó la información de los cuestionarios de 11 895 adultos participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de 2022.
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Salud Publica Mex
June 2023
Article Synopsis
- El objetivo del estudio fue estimar cuántos adultos en México tienen prediabetes y diabetes usando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022.
- Se analizaron 1,945 adultos y se encontró que el 22.1% tiene prediabetes, mientras que el 12.6% tiene diabetes diagnosticada y el 5.8% no diagnosticada.
- La alta prevalencia de diabetes en México representa un gran desafío para el sistema de salud, lo que requiere medidas efectivas para prevenir y controlar la enfermedad.
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Salud Publica Mex
November 2023
Article Synopsis
- El estudio evalúa el tamizaje, prevalencia y control de hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia y diabetes en adultos mexicanos, usando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022.
- La investigación revela que menos del 15% de los adultos se someten a tamizaje, con prevalencias del 27.8% para hipertensión, 18% para diabetes e hipercolesterolemia; aproximadamente la mitad de los diagnosticados conocen su condición.
- A pesar del aumento en el tratamiento, menos de la mitad de los pacientes logran tener control sobre sus enfermedades, sugiriendo la necesidad de un enfoque integral para la detección y tratamiento de estas afecciones.
Article Synopsis
- Diabetes is a significant public health issue in Mexico, especially among indigenous language speakers, whose diabetes prevalence has increased notably from 2000 to 2018.
- A study analyzed data from four National Health Surveys and found that the increase in both diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes was greater in the indigenous group compared to nonindigenous individuals.
- The findings highlight a concerning trend of rising diabetes rates among indigenous populations, necessitating further investigation into the reasons behind this accelerated change.
Article Synopsis
- Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a high risk for oral HPV infection, but there are no specific guidelines for screening them; this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral high-risk HPV among MSM and create a risk score for identifying those at higher risk.
- In a study involving 500 MSM attending STD clinics, the prevalence of oral high-risk HPV was found to be 11.1%, with higher rates in HIV-positive individuals. Key risk factors identified included being over 40 years old, having a CD4 count between 200-499, and recent use of recreational vasodilators.
- The developed risk score effectively distinguishes MSM at higher risk for oral HPV, which can be utilized by clinicians to prioritize vaccinations
Diagnostic performance of questionnaires to identify individuals with impaired fasting glucose in Mexican adult population.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract
January 2023
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess how well five questionnaires identify impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a large Mexican adult population, using a standard definition of IFG (fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL).
- It involved over 23,000 individuals from different cohorts, with results showing that IFG prevalence ranged from 14.4% to 48.1%, and the diagnostic effectiveness of the questionnaires varied depending on the cohort's IFG rates.
- Among the questionnaires examined, Rojas' questionnaire performed the best overall, with strong sensitivity and specificity, suggesting the need for more research on using such questionnaires for diagnosing prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in specific populations.
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Salud Publica Mex
November 2021
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed), glycemic control in Mexico, and its associated factors.
Materials And Methods: We used data from Ensanut 2018 (n=12 648) and 2020 (n=2 309). We defined diabetes as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or HbA1c≥6.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed data from nearly 28,000 Mexican adults to track trends in metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence from 2006 to 2018.
- Results showed a significant increase in MS prevalence over the years, peaking at nearly 60% in 2016, with a slight decrease in 2018.
- The findings suggest that 36.5 million Mexican adults have MS, with about 2 million at high risk for type 2 diabetes and 2.5 million at high risk for cardiovascular disease in the next decade.
Background: Childhood is considered the most important phase of human development; within it the period from birth to 5 years of age is particularly critical, given the speed at which changes occur. The context where children live can influence early childhood developmnent (ECD) by providing or limiting opportunities to learn, play and establish social interactions. This study explored the associations between characteristics of the urban environment and ECD in 2,194 children aged 36 to 59 months living in urban municipalities in Mexico.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArterial hypertension is a major global health problem. It is the main risk factor for preventable death and the leading cause of premature death in the world. This study aims to describe the changes in hypertension-related mortality in Mexico between 1998 and 2018.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a prevalent and potentially reversible intermediate stage leading to type 2 diabetes that increases risk for cardiometabolic complications. The identification of clinical and molecular factors associated with the reversal, or regression, from IFG to a normoglycemia state would enable more efficient cardiovascular risk reduction strategies. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biological predictors of regression to normoglycemia in a non-European population characterized by high rates of type 2 diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study profiles adults aged 20 and over who participate in diabetes and hypertension screening, highlighting key demographics and health behaviors.
- Using data from Ensanut 2018-19, researchers created logistic regression models to identify factors linked to diabetes and hypertension detection.
- Findings indicate that individuals with a family history of these diseases, existing health issues, or unhealthy lifestyles are more likely to seek screening; thus, targeted risk assessments are recommended for better detection and diagnosis.
Objective: The methods that were carried out for the inclusion of the early childhood development module in the Ensanut 100k are presented.
Materials And Methods: With this module and the questionnaire for children under five years-old, indicators of the state of health, development and well-being of children in the first five years of life are obtained. From November to December 2017, the sample design, instruments and manuals were defined and a test was carried out.
Development and validation of a tool for predicting type 2 diabetes in Mexican women of reproductive age.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed)
November 2020
Introduction: Diabetes is a worldwide problem with a greater impact in developing countries, where many people are unaware of their risk. In Mexico, women show the greatest risk for T2D. Current risk scores have been developed and validated in predominantly older European cohorts.
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- The 'Seguro Médico Siglo XXI' (SMSXXI) program, launched in 2006 in Mexico, aims to provide universal medical coverage for children under five to reduce health-related financial burden on poor families without social security.
- The study analyzed data from 2006-2014 across 2,457 municipalities, focusing on neonatal and infant mortality rates among those not covered by social security, finding that increased SMSXXI coverage significantly lowered these mortality rates up to around 70% coverage.
- Ultimately, the SMSXXI program is credited with preventing an estimated 11,358 infant deaths during the study period, highlighting diminishing returns in mortality reduction at near-complete coverage levels due to potential saturation of healthcare services and quality concerns.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of total, diagnosed, and undiagnosed diabetes in Mexico, along with the prevalence of poor glycemic control among adults.
- Data from 3,700 participants in the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey revealed a total diabetes prevalence of 13.7%, with 68.2% of diagnosed individuals experiencing poor glycemic control.
- Factors such as longer disease duration, regional location, and type of healthcare treatment were linked to poor glycemic control, highlighting the need for improved screening and tailored healthcare strategies.
Article Synopsis
- The objective of the study was to analyze medical and self-care practices among people with diabetes in small towns with populations under 100,000.
- The research utilized data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 100k and developed logistic regression models to determine factors affecting basic medical actions and self-care.
- Findings revealed that low education and income, as well as speaking an indigenous language, hinder self-care actions; conversely, increasing age was linked to reduced self-care likelihood, indicating the need for improved diabetes education and training for healthcare providers.
Article Synopsis
- - Comparisons were made between the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute diarrheal disease (ADD) among children under five in localities with populations under 100,000 in two surveys: Ensanut 2012 and Ensanut 100k (2018).
- - The prevalence of ARI dropped from 45.1% in 2012 to 32.9% in 2018, especially among medium and high-income households; however, there were no significant changes for ADD prevalence.
- - Factors linked to ARI in lower-income households included roofing materials and weather conditions, while ADD was associated with a lack of piped water, highlighting environmental influences on these health issues.
Objective: To update information on the mortality trend due to lung cancer in Mexico from 1990 to 2016.
Materials And Methods: Age-adjusted rates were obtained using the direct method. The percentage of annual change in the mortality of lung cancer was obtained through joinpoint analysis at the national level, by region, sex and rural-urban stratum, and in the last two the age-cohort-period effect.