Neurological, psychiatric, and sleep investigations after treatment of anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis in Spain: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder that can be treated with immunotherapy, but the symptoms that remain after treatment have not been well described. We aimed to characterise the clinical features of patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis for 1 year starting within the first year after initial immunotherapy.

Methods: For this prospective cohort study, we recruited patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis as soon as possible after they had received conventional immunotherapy for initial symptoms; patients were recruited from 21 hospitals in Spain.

Genetic and Structural Brain Correlates of Cognitive Subtypes Across Youth at Family Risk for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is an important feature of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) with severity across the two disorders characterized by significant heterogeneity. Youth at family risk for SZ and BP were clustered based on cognitive function and examined in terms of the clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of cluster membership.

Method: One hundred sixty participants, 32 offspring of patients with SZ, 59 offspring of patients with BP and 69 offspring of healthy control parents underwent clinical and cognitive assessments, genotyping and structural MRI.

Age-related brain deviations and aggression.

Background: Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are heterogeneous at the clinical and the biological level. Therefore, the aims were to dissect the heterogeneous neurodevelopmental deviations of the affective brain circuitry and provide an integration of these differences across modalities.

Methods: We combined two novel approaches.

Cognitive reserve and its correlates in child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Aim: To analyze cognitive reserve (CR) in child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-off) or bipolar disorder (BD-off) and compare them with a group of community controls (CC-off). We also aimed to investigate whether there was an association between CR and clinical and neuropsychological variables according to group.

Methods: The study included 46 SZ-off, 105 BD-off and 102 CC-off.

Clinical, Neuroimmunologic, and CSF Investigations in First Episode Psychosis.

Objectives: To report the neuropsychiatric features and frequency of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and other neuronal immunoglobulin G antibodies in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) and to assess the performance of reported warning signs and criteria for autoimmune psychosis (AP).

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of patients with FEP assessed for neuropsychiatric symptoms, serum and CSF neuronal antibodies (brain immunohistochemistry, cell-based assays, live neurons), and warning signs and criteria of AP. Previous autoimmune FEP series were reviewed.

Effectiveness of enhancing cognitive reserve in children, adolescents and young adults at genetic risk for psychosis: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Offspring of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (Off-BDSZ) have a high genetic risk of developing a mental illness. The aim of this project is to develop and investigate the efficacy of an intervention aimed at this population, based on the concept of cognitive reserve.

Methods: This is a multicenter randomized trial with an experimental test-retest design study with control group.

Subgrouping children and adolescents with disruptive behaviors: symptom profiles and the role of callous-unemotional traits.

Disruptive behavior during childhood and adolescence is heterogeneous and associated with several psychiatric disorders. The identification of more homogeneous subgroups might help identify different underlying pathways and tailor treatment strategies. Children and adolescents (aged 8-18) with disruptive behaviors (N = 121) and healthy controls (N = 100) were included in a European multi-center cognition and brain imaging study.

Reduced serial dependence suggests deficits in synaptic potentiation in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia.

A mechanistic understanding of core cognitive processes, such as working memory, is crucial to addressing psychiatric symptoms in brain disorders. We propose a combined psychophysical and biophysical account of two symptomatologically related diseases, both linked to hypofunctional NMDARs: schizophrenia and autoimmune anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We first quantified shared working memory alterations in a delayed-response task.

Sleep disorders in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Objective: To describe the sleep disorders in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARe).

Methods: Patients recovering from anti-NMDARe were invited to participate in a prospective observational single-center study including comprehensive clinical, video-polysomnography (V-PSG) sleep assessment, and neuropsychological evaluation. Age- and sex-matched healthy participants served as controls.

Neuropsychological development in the child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A two-year follow-up comparative study.

Unlabelled: There has been growing scientific evidence in recent years that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share clinical, cognitive, neuroimaging and genetic characteristics. This overlap might also be present in their offspring, who have an increased risk of developing both disorders. Comparing the characteristics of these samples may have important implications for understanding etiological processes.