Asthma Is Associated with Back Pain and Migraine-Results of Population-Based Case-Control Study.

(1) Background: Worldwide, asthma, back pain, and migraine are major public health problems due to their high prevalence, effect on the quality of life, and huge economic costs. The association of asthma with an increased risk of these types of pain has been suggested; however, no conclusive results have been obtained to date. The aims of our study were (1) to describe and compare the prevalence of three types of pain localization, namely migraine or frequent headaches (MFH), chronic neck pain (CNP), and chronic low back pain (CLBP), in adults with and without asthma in Spain during the years 2014 and 2020 and (2) to identify which variables were associated with the presence of these types of pain in adults with asthma.

Trends in hospital admissions among children with asthma in Spain (2011-2020).

The purpose of this study is to describe and assess changes in incidence, clinical conditions, use of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay (LOHS), and in-hospital mortality (IHM) among children hospitalized with asthma in Spain from 2011 to 2020. We analyzed children aged 0 to 15 years hospitalized with an ICD code for asthma included in the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database (SNHDD). The analysis was conducted for asthma as the primary diagnosis and with asthma in any diagnosis position.

Low Levels of Influenza Vaccine Uptake among the Diabetic Population in Spain: A Time Trend Study from 2011 to 2020.

(1) Background: In this work, we aim to describe influenza vaccine uptake among the diabetic population in Spain to assess the time trend from 2011 to 2020 and identify predictors of vaccine uptake among diabetes patients. (2) Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using the European Health Interview Survey for Spain (2014 and 2020) and the Spanish National Health Surveys (2011 and 2017). The independent variables analysed included socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables and lifestyle variables.

Sex Differences in Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study using Hospital Discharge Data in Spain (2016-2019).

(1) Background: To analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, use of procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients who developed pneumonia during their hospital admission according to sex and to the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (2) Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was classed as non-ventilator HAP and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Are there sex differences in the effect of type 2 diabetes in the incidence and outcomes of myocardial infarction? A matched-pair analysis using hospital discharge data.

Background: To analyze incidence, use of therapeutic procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) according to the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Spain (2016-2018) and to investigate sex differences.

Methods: Using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, we estimated the incidence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in men and women with and without T2DM aged ≥ 40 years. We analyzed comorbidity, procedures, and outcomes.

Reversal of the Upward Trend of Obesity in Boys, but Not in Girls, in Spain.

(1) Background: To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls and to estimate socioeconomic differences associated with obesity in Spain in 1997, 2007, and 2017. (2) Methods: Data were drawn from national health interview surveys. For each year of study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was measured, and these results were compared by gender (boy/girl) and socioeconomic status (low/high education).

The effect of COPD on the incidence and mortality of hospitalized patients with pulmonary embolism: A nationwide population-based study (2016-2018).

Background: To examine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes of pulmonary embolism (PE) among hospitalized patients with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain, and to identify predictors of in-hospital-mortality (IHM) after PE among patients with and without COPD.

Methods: We included all patients aged ≥ 40 years who were hospitalised for PE between 2016 and 2018. Data were collected from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database.

Type 2 Diabetes Is a Risk Factor for Suffering and for in-Hospital Mortality with Pulmonary Embolism. A Population-Based Study in Spain (2016-2018).

(1) Background: The relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and pulmonary embolism (PE) has not been well stablished so far. We aim to analyze incidence, clinical conditions and in-hospital mortality (IHM) according to the presence of T2DM among patients hospitalized for suffering from PE. The factors associated with IHM were identified.

Trends in mechanical ventilation use and mortality over time in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in Spain from 2001 to 2015.

Background: We examined trends in the incidence of ventilator support with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) among patients hospitalized in Spain from 2001 to 2015. We also assessed in-hospital mortality (IHM) after receiving these types of ventilator support.

Methods: This study was an observational retrospective epidemiological study.

Trends in the Use and Outcomes of Mechanical Ventilation among Patients Hospitalized with Acute Exacerbations of COPD in Spain, 2001 to 2015.

(1) Background: We examine trends (2001-2015) in the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) among patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD). (2) Methods: Observational retrospective epidemiological study, using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. (3) Results: We included 1,431,935 hospitalizations (aged ≥40 years) with an AE-COPD.

[Cold chain maintenance in vaccines: a systematic review].

Objective: Systematic immunization programmes mostly depend on the correct maintenance and manipulation of the vaccines to be used, i.e. perfect maintenance of the cold chain.

[Analysis of short-term time off of health workers in a health area].

Objective: To describe the characteristics of short-term time off work (STT): duration, causes and distribution by age, and sex.

Design: Descriptive, observational study.

Setting: Area 1, Madrid, Spain.