Left-sided epileptiform activity influences language lateralization in right mesial temporal sclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the association between left epileptiform activity and language laterality indices (LI) in patients with right mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).

Methods: Twenty-two patients with right MTS and 22 healthy subjects underwent fMRI scanning while performing a language task. LI was calculated in multiple regions of interest (ROI).

Bilateral ictal EEG is associated with better memory outcome after hippocampal sclerosis surgery.

Objective: To compare memory outcomes after surgery for unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS)-associated epilepsy in patients with unilateral and bilateral ictal electrographic involvement.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated HS patients, aged 18-55 years and IQ ≥70. Left (L) and right (R) surgical groups underwent noninvasive video-EEG monitoring and Wada test.

Corpus callosum diffusion abnormalities in refractory epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis.

Objectives: To detect by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) the extent of microstructural integrity changes of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and to evaluate possible association with clinical characteristics.

Methods: Fourty-two patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and HS and 30 control subjects were studied with DTI. We grouped patients according to lesion side (left or right) HS.

Contralateral interictal and ictal EEG epileptiform activity accentuate memory impairment in unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis patients.

Objective: Memory impairment is a recognized complication of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Epileptiform activity may negatively impact on cognition. We evaluated the impact of contralateral EEG involvement on memory in unilateral MTS (uMTS) patients.

Extratemporal abnormalities in phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis.

Objective: We evaluated extratemporal metabolic changes with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).

Method: 31P-MRS of 33 patients with unilateral MTS was compared with 31 controls. The voxels were selected in the anterior, posterior insula-basal ganglia (AIBG, PIBG) and frontal lobes (FL).

Contralateral ictal electrographic involvement is associated with decreased memory performance in unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of contralateral electrographic involvement on memory performance (measured by neuropsychological and Wada memory testing) in patients with epilepsy associated with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).

Methods: We studied 51 patients with medically-refractory epilepsy associated with unilateral MTS (27 women, 30/51, left MTS) submitted to prolonged non-invasive video-EEG monitoring and bilateral Wada testing. According to ictal electrographic involvement, patients were classified as: Contralateral ictal involvement, when one or more seizures evolved with rhythmic activity in the temporal region contralateral to the MTS or exclusive ipsilateral ictal involvement if all seizures showed ictal EEG activity exclusively on the MTS side.

Serial and prolonged EEG monitoring in anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor encephalitis.

Objective: To describe serial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings of three patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Methods: Three women (age 15-34years) with confirmed anti-NMDAR encephalitis underwent serial EEG recordings. Continuous EEG for 72h was performed in one case and 3-day video-EEG monitoring was obtained in two cases.

Low prevalence but high specificity of material-specific memory impairment in epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis.

Purpose: Material-specific memory impairment is used as a lateralizing tool in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy. Lateralizing ability of material-specific memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy remains controversial.

Methods: We studied memory impairment profiles of verbal and nonverbal memory deficits with eight memory subtests of four neuropsychological instruments (two verbal and two nonverbal) in 87 right-handed patients with epilepsy associated with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS; 44 right - R, 43 left - L) and 42 controls, with an IQ >70, at least 8 years of education, and without comorbidities.

Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in malformations of cortical development.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate phospholipid metabolism in patients with malformations of cortical development (MCDs).

Methods: Thirty-seven patients with MCDs and 31 control subjects were studied using three-dimensional phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) at 3.0 T.

Good surgical outcome in discordant ictal EEG-MRI unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis patients.

Purpose: Video electroencephalography (vEEG) monitoring of patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (uMTS) may show concordant or discordant seizure onset in relation to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of MTS. Contralateral seizure usually leads to an indication of invasive monitoring. Contralateral seizure onset on invasive monitoring may contraindicate surgery.

Epilepsy syndromes associated with hypothalamic hamartomas.

Purpose: Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) related epilepsy presents with gelastic seizures (GS), other seizure types and cognitive deterioration. Although seizure origin in GS has been well established, non-GS are poorly characterized. Their relationship with the HH and cognitive deterioration remains poorly understood.

[Pitfalls in the clinical and electroencephalographic diagnosis of ceroid lipofuscinosis].

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) were traditionally classified according to age of onset and clinical features in four main groups. Recently, a combination of clinical, ultra structural and genetics data led to the recognition of eight forms of NCL, providing a more precise framework to classify atypical cases. By the other hand, it was shown that mutations in the same gene could be responsible for a large variety of clinical phenotypes.

Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) in males: clinical, imaging and genetic findings in comparison with females.

Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) or double cortex syndrome is a neuronal migration disorder, which occurs very rarely in males: to date, at least 110 females but only 11 in males have been reported. The syndrome is usually associated with mutations in the doublecortin (DCX) (Xq22.3-q23) gene, and much less frequently in the LIS1 (17p13.