Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize numerous molecules collectively named pathogen-associated molecular patterns, with an essential role in inflammatory conditions and connecting innate and acquired immune responses. Moreover, a new function of TLRs in the intestinal mucosa has been described. Under homeostatic conditions, TLRs act to protect the intestinal epithelium; but when homeostasis is disrupted, TLRs appear deregulated.
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