The diurnal and seasonal variations of water-soluble ions (WSIs) in fine particles were investigated in an area predominantly affected by traffic emissions in Beşiktaş, Istanbul between 2017 and 2018. PM samples were collected at high time resolutions of 2 h during the daytime and 12 h during the nighttime for six sampling campaigns over all seasons. Five inorganic water-soluble ions (SO, NH, NO, PO, and NO) were determined using ion chromatography.
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