N3 hilar sampling decision in the staging of mediastinal lung cancer.

https://bit.ly/3gWcar7.

Silicone Stent Versus Fully Covered Metallic Stent in Malignant Central Airway Stenosis.

Background: Airway stenting to restore airway patency in cases of malignant central airway obstruction is an effective palliation treatment. Our goal was to compare the efficacy after deployment and complications of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) (Aerstent) and a silicone stent (Dumon).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of 2 similar groups of patients with malignant central airway obstruction treated with stents between August 2012 and July 2017.

Ultrathin Bronchoscopy with and without Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation: Influence of Segmentation on Diagnostic Yield.

Background: Bronchoscopy is a safe technique for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), and virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) helps guide the bronchoscope to PPLs.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the diagnostic yield of VBN-guided and unguided ultrathin bronchoscopy (UTB) and explore clinical and technical factors associated with better results. We developed a diagnostic algorithm for deciding whether to use VBN to reach PPLs or choose an alternative diagnostic approach.

Positive Airway Pressure to Enhance Computed Tomography Imaging for Airway Segmentation for Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation.

Rationale: Virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) guidance to peripheral pulmonary lesions is often limited by insufficient segmentation of the peripheral airways.

Objectives: To test the effect of applying positive airway pressure (PAP) during CT acquisition to improve segmentation, particularly at end-expiration.

Methods: CT acquisitions in inspiration and expiration with 4 PAP protocols were recorded prospectively and compared to baseline inspiratory acquisitions in 20 patients.

Successful Healing of Tracheal Radionecrosis: Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the administration of 100% oxygen at pressures > 1 atm, is believed to promote wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. To our knowledge, this treatment modality has never been described in patients with tracheal radionecrosis. Here, we report the case of a 55-year-old man diagnosed with stage IIIB lung adenocarcinoma who was treated with chemotherapy and concomitant external intensity-modulated radiotherapy involving the left lung and mediastinum.

Colchicine Treatment for Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis.

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is an infrequent disease characterized by the deposition of proteinaceous material in the tracheobronchial tree. The disease generally has a high morbidity and variable mortality in the years following diagnosis. There is no consensus on the optimal treatment.

Combined Bronchial Artery Embolization and Endobronchial Resection for Bronchial Carcinoid: A Safety and Feasibility Pilot Study.

Background: There is growing evidence to support bronchoscopic resection of well-circumscribed typical carcinoids. However, massive bleeding and risk of recurrence can potentially complicate this approach.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of endobronchial resection of carcinoids preceded by bronchial artery embolization.

The Posterior Pericardial Recess: Potential for Confusion at Endobronchial Ultrasound.

Pericardial recesses are formed at sites of reflection of the visceral to parietal pericardium around the great vessels of the mediastinum. Identification at endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) of a "high-riding" superior pericardial recess, masquerading as a lower paratracheal lymph node, has previously been reported. Although the potential for the posterior pericardial recess to be seen in the subcarinal region on computed tomography has been described in the radiology literature, its identification with EBUS has not.

Endoscopic treatment of persistent alveolar-pleural air leaks with a unidirectional endobronchial valve.

The persistent air leaks due to alveolopleural fistula are not an uncommon complication of pneumothorax, particularly secondary ones. Unidirectional flow endobronchial valves designed for lung volume reduction are the latest incorporation to the therapeutic armamentarium. We present the case of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with persistent pneumothorax in spite of treatment with three pleurodesis which was able to be resolved with the placement of two IBV™ valves.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm arising from a lung tumor.

A 48-year-old smoker and alcoholic patient was admitted for life-threatening hemoptysis. The admission bronchoscopy showed a tumoral mass almost occluding the right bronchus intermedious. During the procedure the patient developed massive bleeding and underwent selective aortic angiogram and coiling of 2 bronchial arteries.

Chorea-ballism associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A clinical, genetic, and neuropathological study.

Hyperkinetic movements in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are extremely rare. We present clinical, neuropathological, and genetic data for a 53-year-old woman with spinal onset ALS presenting chorea affecting the face, mouth, neck, and hands, and ballism in both arms 31 months after leg weakness onset. Her father and older sister had ALS, but had no movement disorders.