Social influences among young drivers on talking on the mobile phone while driving.

Objective: This study set out to measure the influence of injunctive, subjective, verbal, and behavioral norms on talking on a mobile phone while driving. In particular it examines social influences that have been neglected in past research, namely, injunctive norms and explicit verbal and behavioral norms communicated by law enforcers with regard to using a mobile phone when driving. All four types of social norms have rarely been used in studies of this social phenomenon, except for occasional exceptions drawing on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, which addresses only one: subjective norms.

Genotyping of Campylobacter jejuni using seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms in combination with flaA short variable region sequencing.

This investigation describes the development of a generally applicable, bioinformatics-driven, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay for the common bacterial gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. SNPs were identified in silico using the program 'Minimum SNPs', which selects for polymorphisms providing the greatest resolution of bacterial populations based on Simpson's index of diversity (D). The high-D SNPs identified in this study were derived from the combined C.