Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls.

Psilocybin microdosing involves repeated self-administration of mushrooms containing psilocybin at doses small enough to not impact regular functioning. Microdose practices are diverse and include combining psilocybin with substances such as lion's mane mushrooms (Hericium erinaceus; HE) and niacin (vitamin-B3). Public uptake of microdosing has outpaced evidence, mandating further prospective research.

Ketamine for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders: comprehensive systematic review.

Background: In the past two decades, subanaesthetic doses of ketamine have been demonstrated to have rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, and accumulating research has demonstrated ketamine's therapeutic effects for a range of psychiatric conditions.

Aims: In light of these findings surrounding ketamine's psychotherapeutic potential, we systematically review the extant evidence on ketamine's effects in treating mental health disorders.

Method: The systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (identifier CRD42019130636).

Adults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers.

The use of psychedelic substances at sub-sensorium 'microdoses', has gained popular academic interest for reported positive effects on wellness and cognition. The present study describes microdosing practices, motivations and mental health among a sample of self-selected microdosers (n = 4050) and non-microdosers (n = 4653) via a mobile application. Psilocybin was the most commonly used microdose substances in our sample (85%) and we identified diverse microdose practices with regard to dosage, frequency, and the practice of stacking which involves combining psilocybin with non-psychedelic substances such as Lion's Mane mushrooms, chocolate, and niacin.

Bringing prevost's sign into the third dimension: Artificial intelligence estimation of conjugate gaze adjusted length (CGAL) and correlation with acute ischemic stroke.

Conjugate gaze deviation is associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), although previously only measured on a 2D plane. The current study evaluates 3D imaging efficacy to assess conjugate gaze deviation and correlate direction and strength of deviation to neuro-clinical findings.A retrospective analysis of 519 patients who had CT scans for suspected AIS at our institution.

The role of biopsy in lacrimal gland inflammation: A clinicopathologic study.

Purpose: To determine the causes of lacrimal gland inflammation based on histopathology and systemic evaluation.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. From the University of British Columbia Orbit Clinic between January 1976 and December 2008, we reviewed the medical records of 60 patients who presented with inflammatory features of the lacrimal gland (i.

Postoperative Changes in Strabismus, Ductions, Exophthalmometry, and Eyelid Retraction After Orbital Decompression for Thyroid Orbitopathy.

Introduction: Surgical rehabilitation of thyroid orbitopathy involves reducing proptosis, treating strabismus, lengthening the eyelids, and managing aesthetic changes. Not all are necessary in each patient; however, they often are. The current investigation intends to describe postdecompression changes that may influence the staging of these procedures.

Orbital Inflammation in Pregnant Women.

Objective: To analyze overlaps between pregnancy and orbital inflammation (OI).

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: Eight new cases from 1997 to 2015 and 2 previously published cases were identified for inclusion in this investigation to provide the fullest clinical picture.

Clinical Pearls and Management Recommendations for Strabismus due to Thyroid Orbitopathy.

Thyroid orbitopathy causes a unique form of strabismus with adult-onset diplopia. Prisms can be a temporizing measure, but many patients require strabismus surgery, which can be challenging. In this article, we highlight clinical guidelines for addressing strabismus due to thyroid orbitopathy and review our surgical experience.

Orbital lymphaticovenous malformations: Current and future treatments.

Orbital lymphaticovenous malformations consist of abnormal vascular channels lined by endothelial cells with a spectrum from venous to lymphatic characteristics. They may be venous-dominant or lymphatic-dominant. These lesions continue to present management challenges.

The association of lacrimal gland inflammation with alopecia areata.

Purpose: To describe the association of lacrimal gland inflammation with alopecia areata.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 4 patients diagnosed with lacrimal gland inflammation who had an antecedent or subsequent episode of alopecia. Data was collected on the presentation age, gender, medical history, disease onset, symptoms and signs, imaging, histopathology, systemic evaluation, management and outcome.

Cavernous venous malformations of the orbit (so-called cavernous haemangioma): a comprehensive evaluation of their clinical, imaging and histologic nature.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is to describe the clinical, imaging, histologic and flow dynamic characteristics of orbital cavernous haemangioma.

Methods: In this clinicopathologic series, clinical features were obtained from patient records. All imaging studies were reviewed.

Dynamic arterial and valsalva-augmented venous phase multidetector CT for orbital vascular lesions: a pictorial review*.

Purpose: To describe the value and purpose of a new method of dynamic arterial and Valsalva-augmented venous phase CT angiographic assessment of vascular orbital lesions.

Methods: Description of a dynamic arterial and Valsalva-augmented venous phase multidetector CT protocol currently being used at the institution of the authors for investigation of orbital vascular lesions. Research ethics approval was not required by the institution because this is a 1-case report, with a pictorial review of imaging findings in various representative orbital vascular lesions.

Vascular malformations of the orbit: classification and the role of imaging in diagnosis and treatment strategies*.

Purpose: To describe the authors' experience with orbital vascular malformations using the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification and the preferred radiologic techniques.

Methods: Review of clinical and radiologic experience from 1976 to 2012. This article presents the findings from several studies conducted on vascular malformations of the orbit, all of which received institutional review board approval when needed.

Reduced risk of compressive optic neuropathy using orbital radiotherapy in patients with active thyroid eye disease.

Purpose: To compare the risk of developing compressive optic neuropathy in patients with active thyroid eye disease (TED) treated with corticosteroids with or without orbital radiotherapy.

Design: Retrospective single-center case-control study.

Methods: The clinical charts of 351 patients with active TED who received corticosteroids with or without orbital radiotherapy between 1999 and 2010 were reviewed.

Comparison of American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM-based staging system (7th edition) and Ann Arbor classification for predicting outcome in ocular adnexal lymphoma.

Objective: To compare the TNM and Ann Arbor staging systems in predicting outcome in ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL).

Methods: Retrospective review of the clinical, imaging and histopathologic records of OALs between 1986 and 2009. Outcome measures included local recurrence and progression.

Combined radiological intervention and surgical excision of a periorbital arteriovenous fistula.

Objective: To describe a case of periorbital arteriovenous fistula (AVF) treated with a combined approach of endovascular intervention and surgical excision.

Case Report: A 21-year-old lady presented with a vascular lump followed blunt trauma above the left medial brow area. Computed Tomography Angiogram (CTA) and Angiography of the internal and external carotid arteries showed presence of an AVF with main feeder vessel from a hypoplastic left ophthalmic artery.

Quantitative computed tomographic predictors of compressive optic neuropathy in patients with thyroid orbitopathy: a volumetric analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between orbital bony geometry and the volume of the intraorbital structures in predicting compressive dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).

Design: Retrospective, consecutive case series.

Participants: Images of 198 orbits from 99 patients suffering from thyroid-related orbitopathy were reviewed.

Sclerosing orbital inflammation and systemic disease.

Purpose: To determine the clinical differences between sclerosing orbital inflammation (SOI) isolated to the orbit and SOI manifesting as part of systemic inflammatory disease.

Methods: For the case series, the authors identified patients with SOI from their patient database and tabulated their clinical data. For the literature review, a search for case reports of SOI in the English literature was performed.

Stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy for cavernous venous malformations (hemangioma) of the orbit.

Purpose: Cavernous malformations (hemangioma) of the orbit, when symptomatic, can often be treated successfully with complete surgical excision. However, when they involve local structures in their capsule, are situated in the orbital apex, or extend through the superior orbital fissure, the risks of surgery increase significantly. In such cases, alternative treatment modalities can be explored.