Publications by authors named "Root E"

This is a case report of a pregnant patient diagnosed with advanced-stage duodenal cancer in the second trimester. To the author's knowledge, there are no studies that describe the management of advanced duodenal cancer during pregnancy and this case highlights the importance of creating a multidisciplinary team and incorporating shared decision-making when discussing diagnostic workup and treatment options, including the use of cytotoxic therapy during pregnancy, with patients. This study will also discuss maternal and fetal outcomes after the administration of FOLFOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy during the second trimester.

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  • Older adults often avoid seeking mental healthcare, and both external and internalized ageism play a significant role in this underutilization.
  • A study of 247 older adults found that internalized ageist stereotypes about mental health were more commonly endorsed than external barriers, leading to increased depressive and anxiety symptoms.
  • To improve mental health outcomes for older adults, clinicians should challenge ageist stereotypes and openly express their capability and willingness to provide support.
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  • * A study using deep whole-genome sequencing of brain neurons found that SCZ cases had more somatic mutations in regions of active gene expression compared to controls.
  • * These somatic mutations, particularly at transcription factor binding sites, may affect gene expression related to SCZ and contribute to its development during brain formation.
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Background: The WHO estimates that close to 1.7 billion people worldwide have hearing loss; 34 million of whom are children, with 90% residing in low- and middle-income countries. While the effects of ear disease and hearing loss on language, academic, and behavioral development are established, there is remarkably little data on intellectual and other cognitive differences.

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The genetic differences underlying unique phenotypes in humans compared to our closest primate relatives have long remained a mystery. Similarly, the genetic basis of adaptations between human groups during our expansion across the globe is poorly characterized. Uncovering the downstream phenotypic consequences of these genetic variants has been difficult, as a substantial portion lies in noncoding regions, such as cis-regulatory elements (CREs).

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This experimental, repeated-measures study investigated the effects of client health and client age on doctoral psychology students' clinical expectations for their work with older adult clients. Doctoral clinical and counseling psychology trainees ( = 223) completed measures assessing clinical expectations for three older adult clients of varying health status (healthy, recent Alzheimer's Disease (AD) diagnosis, heart disease) who all presented with depressive symptoms. Trainees were randomly assigned to the 71-year-old or 81-year-old condition.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This study analyzed the shift from traditional methods to coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for noninvasive cardiac evaluation in the Emergency Department's Observation Medicine Unit, focusing on patients with acute coronary syndrome symptoms but without significant ECG or troponin changes.
  • - Findings indicated that using CCTA significantly reduced patient length of stay and supported higher diagnostic accuracy, leading to quicker decision-making and fewer invasive procedures.
  • - Education and training for healthcare providers and nursing staff were vital in improving confidence and compliance with the new CCTA protocol, ultimately enhancing patient care efficiency and outcomes.
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Objective: To examine relationships between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and markers of pre-clinical cardiovascular risk in young children.

Study Design: We studied a cohort of healthy children ages 2-5 recruited from pediatric primary care sites (n = 122). We obtained child weight, height, blood pressure and hair nicotine levels.

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Importance: The MORDOR (Macrolides Oraux pour Réduire les Décès avec un Oeil sur la Résistance) trial demonstrated that mass azithromycin administration reduced mortality by 18% among children aged 1 to 59 months in Niger. The identification of high-risk subgroups to target with this intervention could reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: To evaluate whether distance to the nearest primary health center modifies the effect of azithromycin administration to children aged 1 to 59 months on child mortality.

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Tandem gene duplicates are important parts of eukaryotic genome structure, yet the phenotypic effects of new tandem duplications are not well-understood, in part owing to a lack of techniques to build and modify them. We introduce a method, Recombinase-Mediated Tandem Duplication, to engineer specific tandem duplications in vivo using CRISPR and recombinases. We describe construction of four different tandem duplications of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase (Adh) gene in Drosophila melanogaster, with duplicated block sizes ranging from 4.

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The Mnisi community is a livestock-dependent community neighboring the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in South Africa. Here, zoonotic pathogens contribute to as many as 77% of cases of acute febrile illness. Previous gender-disaggregated analysis in the community has shown that men and women have different risks of zoonotic illness, suggesting that exposure routes for zoonotic infections should be further explored to inform gender-sensitive risk mitigation strategies.

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Tandem gene duplicates are important parts of eukaryotic genome structure, yet the phenotypic effects of new tandem duplications are not well-understood, in part owing to a lack of techniques to build and modify them. We introduce a method, Recombinase-Mediated Tandem Duplication (RMTD), to engineer specific tandem duplications using CRISPR and recombinases. We describe construction of four different tandem duplications of the ( ) gene in , with duplicated block sizes ranging from 4.

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As the Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) started to spread rapidly in the state of Ohio, the Ecology, Epidemiology and Population Health (EEPH) program within the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) at The Ohio State University (OSU) took the initiative to offer epidemic modeling and decision analytics support to the Ohio Department of Health (ODH). This paper describes the methodology used by the OSU/IDI response modeling team to predict statewide cases of new infections as well as potential hospital burden in the state. The methodology has two components: (1) A Dynamical Survival Analysis (DSA)-based statistical method to perform parameter inference, statewide prediction and uncertainty quantification.

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Building on eHealth literacy and mental health literacy, this cross-sectional survey study examined associations between eMental health literacy (the degree to which individuals obtain, process, and understand basic mental health information online to inform mental health-related decisions), perceived barriers to mental healthcare, and psychological distress. Data were collected online for 247 older adults in the United States. Higher eMental health literacy was associated with fewer perceived barriers to mental healthcare, in models conceptualizing psychological distress as an outcome of eMental health literacy and barriers to care (intrinsic, β = -0.

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Unlabelled: As the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease started to spread rapidly in the state of Ohio, the Ecology, Epidemiology and Population Health (EEPH) program within the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) at the Ohio State University (OSU) took the initiative to offer epidemic modeling and decision analytics support to the Ohio Department of Health (ODH). This paper describes the methodology used by the OSU/IDI response modeling team to predict statewide cases of new infections as well as potential hospital burden in the state. The methodology has two components: 1) A Dynamic Survival Analysis (DSA)-based statistical method to perform parameter inference, statewide prediction and uncertainty quantification.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign using a model to evaluate the reduction in SARS-CoV-2 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in Israel during January-February 2021.
  • Using data from the Israeli Ministry of Health, the model predicted a reduction of approximately 648,585 COVID-19 cases, 16,101 hospitalizations, and 5,123 deaths overall during the first two months of the campaign.
  • A significant indirect effect was noted for children aged 0-19, with an estimated 163,436 cases averted, highlighting the campaign’s contribution to preventing a potential health care crisis.
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Opioid use disorder is a serious public health crisis in the United States. Manifestations such as opioid overdose events (OOEs) vary within and across communities and there is growing evidence that this variation is partially rooted in community-level social and economic conditions. The lack of high spatial resolution, timely data has hampered research into the associations between OOEs and social and physical environments.

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As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread through the United States in 2020, states began to set up alert systems to inform policy decisions and serve as risk communication tools for the general public. Many of these systems included indicators based on an assessment of trends in numbers of reported cases. However, when cases are indexed by date of disease onset, reporting delays complicate the interpretation of trends.

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Purpose To estimate the prevalence of current and past COVID-19 in Ohio adults. Methods We used stratified, probability-proportionate-to-size cluster sampling. During July 2020, we enrolled 727 randomly-sampled adult English- and Spanish-speaking participants through a household survey.

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Background: Although national syndromic surveillance data reported declines in emergency department (ED) visits after the declaration of the national stay-at-home order for COVID-19, little is known whether these declines were observed for suspected opioid overdose.

Methods: This interrupted time series study used syndromic surveillance data from four states participating in the HEALing Communities Study: Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. All ED encounters for suspected opioid overdose (n = 48,301) occurring during the first 31 weeks of 2020 were included.

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To examine trends in opioid overdose deaths by race/ethnicity from 2018 to 2019 across 67 HEALing Communities Study (HCS) communities in Kentucky, New York, Massachusetts, and Ohio. We used state death certificate records to calculate opioid overdose death rates per 100 000 adult residents of the 67 HCS communities for 2018 and 2019. We used Poisson regression to calculate the ratio of 2019 to 2018 rates.

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Family planning programs are believed to have substantial long-term benefits for women's health and well-being, yet few studies have established either extent or direction of long-term effects. The Matlab, Bangladesh, maternal and child health/family planning (MCH/FP) program afforded a 12-y period of well-documented differential access to services. We evaluate its impacts on women's lifetime fertility, adult health, and economic outcomes 35 y after program initiation.

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