Older women's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: individual, community, and contextual factors.

Objective: This article aims to examine the influence of individual and community-contextual factors on the well-being of older women in Zambia during the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing on Bronfenbrenner's process-person-context-time model.

Methods: Secondary data from the nationally representative 2021 SEIA were used, and bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with the well-being of older women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Overall, 29% (613) of older women reported a decline in their well-being due to COVID-19.

Effective Relationships Between Younger Caregivers and Older Care Recipients Across a Continuum of Formal Residential Care Settings: A Scoping Review and a Critical Analysis.

This article aims to conduct a scoping review of what constitutes effective relational interactions between caregivers (CGs) and older persons (OPs) across formal residential care settings. A scoping review of publications between January 2000 and December 2021 yielded 10,929 articles, and after removing duplicates and applying exclusion criteria, 36 articles were analysed. Articles were scrutinised for interactions involving both CGs and OPs, using a thematic framework analysis to identify effective relational constructs.

Individual and Community-Contextual Level Factors Associated With Wellbeing Among Older Adults in Rural Zambia.

This article aims to identify individual and community-contextual level factors associated with the wellbeing of older adults (50 years and older) in rural Zambia. Data from the nationally representative 2015 Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS) was used. Employing multilevel mixed effects, the individual and community-contextual factors on wellbeing were determined.

SIGLEC-5/14 Inhibits CD11b/CD18 Integrin Activation and Neutrophil-Mediated Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity.

Since the successful introduction of checkpoint inhibitors targeting the adaptive immune system, monoclonal antibodies inhibiting CD47-SIRPα interaction have shown promise in enhancing anti-tumor treatment efficacy. Apart from SIRPα, neutrophils express a broad repertoire of inhibitory receptors, including several members of the sialic acid-binding receptor (SIGLEC) family. Here, we demonstrate that interaction between tumor cell-expressed sialic acids and SIGLEC-5/14 on neutrophils inhibits antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Experimental hemodialysis in diet-induced ketosis and the potential use of dialysis as an adjuvant cancer treatment.

Numerous in vivo studies on the ketogenic diet, a diet that can induce metabolic conditions resembling those following extended starvation, demonstrate strong outcomes on cancer survival, particularly when combined with chemo-, radio- or immunological treatments. However, the therapeutic application of ketogenic diets requires strict dietary adherence from well-informed and motivated patients, and it has recently been proposed that hemodialysis might be utilized to boost ketosis and further destabilize the environment for cancer cells. Yet, plasma ketones may be lost in the dialysate-lowering blood ketone levels.

Chemical composition, antifungal activity, antibiofilm and citotoxicity of the essential oil of tenore.

The leaves of Tenore were collected in southern Brazil, dried, and subjected to the hydrodistillation process to obtain the essential oil. The extraction of essential oil yielded 0.97% ± 0.

[A plea for the reduction in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is not the solution for dyspepsia].

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies are often performed in patients with dyspepsia. The diagnostic yield, however, is known to be limited, in particular in patients below 60 years without alarm symptoms. Furthermore, there are limits to the endoscopy capacity.

Dialysis as a Novel Adjuvant Treatment for Malignant Cancers.

Cancer metabolism is characterized by an increased utilization of fermentable fuels, such as glucose and glutamine, which support cancer cell survival by increasing resistance to both oxidative stress and the inherent immune system in humans. Dialysis has the power to shift the patient from a state dependent on glucose and glutamine to a ketogenic condition (KC) combined with low glutamine levels-thereby forcing ATP production through the Krebs cycle. By the force of dialysis, the cancer cells will be deprived of their preferred fermentable fuels, disrupting major metabolic pathways important for the ability of the cancer cells to survive.

Development of ileal adenomas after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis versus end ileostomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Background And Aims: Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) undergo (procto)colectomy to prevent colorectal cancer from developing. Interestingly, after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), most patients develop adenomas in the pouch. This is not well described for patients with end ileostomy.

Deep Neural Network for Differentiation of Brain Tumor Tissue Displayed by Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy.

Background: Reliable on site classification of resected tumor specimens remains a challenge. Implementation of high-resolution confocal laser endoscopic techniques (CLEs) during fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery is a new tool for intraoperative tumor tissue visualization. To overcome observer dependent errors, we aimed to predict tumor type by applying a deep learning model to image data obtained by CLE.

Sirolimus for the treatment of polyposis of the rectal remnant and ileal pouch in four patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: a pilot study.

Objective: After prophylactic colectomy, adenomas continue to develop in the remaining intestine of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). There is a lack of standard clinical recommendation for chemoprevention in patients with FAP. Because of promising in vivo studies, the aim of this pilot study was to investigate the safety of sirolimus and its effect on progression of intestinal adenomas.

Quality of Colonoscopy Is Associated With Adenoma Detection and Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer Prevention in Lynch Syndrome.

Background & Aims: Colonoscopy reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers. However, a high incidence of postcolonoscopy CRC (PCCRC) has been reported. Colonoscopy is highly dependent on endoscopist skill and is subject to quality variability.

Gastric adenomas and their management in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Background: Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk of developing gastric adenomas. There is limited understanding of their clinical course and no consensus on management. We reviewed the management of gastric adenomas in patients with FAP from two centers.

Eflornithine plus Sulindac for Prevention of Progression in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.

Background: The efficacy and safety of combination therapy with eflornithine and sulindac, as compared with either drug alone, in delaying disease progression in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis are unknown.

Methods: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of eflornithine and sulindac, as compared with either drug alone, in adults with familial adenomatous polyposis. The patients were stratified on the basis of anatomical site with the highest polyp burden and surgical status; the strata were precolectomy (shortest projected time to disease progression), rectal or ileal pouch polyposis after colectomy (longest projected time), and duodenal polyposis (intermediate projected time).

essential oil from Brazil: phytochemical composition, genotoxicity, protective effects on and antimycobacterial activity.

(Weinm) DC. essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of wild flowers from southern Brazil. We explored, for the first time, the phytochemical composition, toxicity, resistance to oxidative stress in , and antimycobacterial activities of essential oil.

Endoscopic management of duodenal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Background And Aims: Almost all patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) develop duodenal adenomas, with a 4% to 18% risk of progression into duodenal cancer. Prophylactic endoscopic resection of duodenal adenomas may prevent cancer and is considered safer than surgical alternatives; however, data are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess safety and effectiveness of endoscopic duodenal interventions in patients with FAP.

Addition of an online, validated family history questionnaire to the Dutch FIT-based screening programme did not improve its diagnostic yield.

Background: Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is suboptimal in detecting advanced neoplasia (AN). To increase the sensitivity and yield of a FIT-based screening programme, FIT could be combined with risk factors for AN. We evaluated the incremental yield of adding a family history questionnaire (FHQ) on colorectal cancer (CRC) and Lynch syndrome-associated tumours to the Dutch FIT-based screening programme.

Endoscopic management of Lynch syndrome and of familial risk of colorectal cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline.

ESGE recommends that individuals with Lynch syndrome should be followed in dedicated units that practice monitoring of compliance and endoscopic performance measures.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %.ESGE recommends starting colonoscopy surveillance at the age of 25 years for and mutation carriers and at the age of 35 years for and mutation carriers.

Loneliness of older black South African women subjected to forcible relocation.

: A cohort of older black South African women, forcibly relocated during apartheid, has grown old in these places. Even after 50 years, residents in a rural township expressed no connection to place and ruptured intergenerational relations. Their sense of community was based almost exclusively on their links with others who shared their history of relocation.

Effects of Family History on Relative and Absolute Risks for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: Guidelines recommend that individuals with familial colorectal cancer undergo colonoscopy surveillance instead of average-risk screening. However, these recommendations vary widely. To substantiate appropriate surveillance strategies, precise and valid evidence-based risk estimates are needed for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Endoscopic management of polyposis syndromes: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline.

ESGE recommends that individuals with hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes should be surveilled in dedicated units that provide monitoring of compliance and endoscopic performance measures. Strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence, level of agreement 90 %.ESGE recommends performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, small-bowel examination, and/or colonoscopy earlier than the planned surveillance procedure if a patient is symptomatic.