Experiences of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer participating in a supervised exercise intervention during chemotherapy.

Purpose: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) undergoing systemic treatment often experience toxicities. Although exercise may improve physical fitness and quality of life and counteract treatment toxicity, knowledge in patients with mCRC is limited. The ongoing randomized controlled AMICO trial evaluates the effects of supervised exercise on clinical outcomes.

Seafood supply mapping reveals production and consumption mismatches and large dietary nutrient losses through exports in the United Kingdom.

Seafood can contribute towards healthy and sustainable food systems by improving public health and helping achieve net zero carbon emissions. Here, we provide a high-resolution perspective on UK seafood supplies and nutrient flows at the species level. We mapped seafood production (capture and aquaculture), trade (imports and exports), purchases (within and out of home) and seafood consumption between 2009 and 2020.

Novel study designs and modelling approaches in nutrition research: application of advanced statistical modelling approaches and N-of-1 study designs.

Randomised controlled trials are the 'gold standard' approach in nutrition research to show a causal relationship between a dietary intervention and clinically relevant outcomes at the population level. Here we review why different study designs are needed to establish the efficacy of dietary interventions at the individual level and to better account for relevant factors that can also influence the outcomes. Over the past decade, precision nutrition approaches have been developed as a new way to measure the effectiveness of dietary interventions at the individual and population level.

Aging, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and allergen-induced pulmonary responses in mice.

Asthma in the elderly is being recognized as more severe, resistant to standard therapies, and having greater morbidity. Therefore, it comes important to understand the impact of aging-associated airway structure and function changes towards pathogenesis of asthma in the elderly. Here, airway smooth muscle plays important roles in airway hyperreactivity and structural remodeling.

What Environmental Metrics Are Used in Scientific Research to Estimate the Impact of Human Diets?

Background/objectives: Metrics drive diagnosis, and metrics will also drive our response to the challenge of climate change. Recognising how current scientific research defines and uses metrics of the environmental impact of human diets is essential to understand which foods, food groups, or dietary patterns are associated with a higher environmental impact.

Methods: This research, aided by artificial intelligence (AI), aimed to search, map, and synthesise current evidence on the commonly used definitions and metrics of the environmental impacts of human diets.

METTL23 Variants and Patients With Normal-Tension Glaucoma.

Importance: This research confirms and further establishes that pathogenic variants in a fourth gene, METTL23, are associated with autosomal dominant normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Objective: To determine the frequency of glaucoma-causing pathogenic variants in the METTL23 gene in a cohort of patients with NTG from Iowa.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study took place at a single tertiary care center in Iowa from January 1997 to January 2024, with analysis occurring between January 2023 and January 2024.

Effects of glial-derived neurotrophic factor on remodeling and mitochondrial function in human airway smooth muscle cells.

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells play important roles in airway remodeling of asthma. Our previous studies show that in vivo administration of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in mice induces thickening and collagen deposition in bronchial airways, whereas chelation of GDNF by GFRα1-Fc attenuates airway remodeling in the context of allergen exposure. To determine whether GDNF has direct effects on ASM, in this study, we examined GDNF in ASM cells from normal versus asthmatic humans.

Minimal phenotypes in transgenic mice with the human LOXL1/LOXL1-AS1 locus associated with exfoliation glaucoma.

Exfoliation syndrome is a leading cause of secondary glaucoma worldwide. Among the risk-factors for exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma that have been investigated, a genetic association with 15q24.1 is among the most striking.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced senescence in human lung fibroblasts.

Loss of proteostasis and cellular senescence have been previously established as characteristics of aging; however, their interaction in the context of lung aging and potential contributions to aging-associated lung remodeling remains understudied. In this study, we aimed to characterize endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, cellular senescence, and their interaction in relation to extracellular matrix (ECM) production in lung fibroblasts from young (25-45 yr) and old (>60 yr) humans. Fibroblasts from young and old patients without significant preexisting lung disease were exposed to vehicle, MG132, etoposide, or salubrinal.

Intensive antihypertensive treatment does not lower cerebral blood flow or cause orthostatic hypotension in frail older adults.

This study aimed to examine the effects of intensive antihypertensive treatment (AHT), i.e., systolic blood pressure target ≤ 140 mmHg, on cerebral blood flow, cerebral autoregulation, and orthostatic hypotension, in a representative population of frail older adults.

Wild fish consumption can balance nutrient retention in farmed fish.

Wild fish used as aquafeeds could be redirected towards human consumption to support sustainable marine resource use. Here we use mass-balance fish-in/fish-out ratio approaches to assess nutrient retention in salmon farming and identify scenarios that provide more nutrient-rich food to people. Using data on Norway's salmon farms, our study revealed that six of nine dietary nutrients had higher yields in wild fish used for feeds, such as anchovies and mackerel, than in farmed salmon production.

Functional role of glial-derived neurotrophic factor in a mixed allergen murine model of asthma.

Our previous study showed that glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression is upregulated in asthmatic human lungs, and GDNF regulates calcium responses through its receptor GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) and RET receptor in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that airway GDNF contributes to airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and remodeling using a mixed allergen mouse model. Adult C57BL/6J mice were intranasally exposed to mixed allergens (ovalbumin, , , house dust mite) over 4 wk with concurrent exposure to recombinant GDNF, or extracellular GDNF chelator GFRα1-Fc.

Consumption of foods with the highest nutritional quality, and the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and price, differs between socio-economic groups in the UK population.

Objective: To establish a baseline understanding of whether consuming food with the highest nutritional quality, lowest greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and cost differs between different UK demographic and socio-economic population groups.

Design: Multiple linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the relationship between predictor socio-demographic variables in this study (i.e.

GJA3 Genetic Variation and Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataracts and Glaucoma Following Cataract Surgery.

Importance: The p.Asp67Tyr genetic variant in the GJA3 gene is responsible for congenital cataracts in a family with a high incidence of glaucoma following cataract surgery.

Objective: To describe the clinical features of a family with a strong association between congenital cataracts and glaucoma following cataract surgery secondary to a genetic variant in the GJA3 gene (NM_021954.

Role of metabolomics in the delivery of precision nutrition.

Precision nutrition aims to deliver personalised dietary advice to individuals based on their personal genetics, metabolism and dietary/environmental exposures. Recent advances have demonstrated promise for the use of omic technologies for furthering the field of precision nutrition. Metabolomics in particular is highly attractive as measurement of metabolites can capture information on food intake, levels of bioactive compounds and the impact of diets on endogenous metabolism.

Osseointegration and Success in Hip Arthroplasty Acetabular Revision Using Structured Homologous Graft: Average 9.6 Years Follow-up.

 To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results and survival of the acetabular revision surgery of total hip arthroplasty with cemented implant without the use of reinforcement ring, associated with structural homologous bone grafting.  A total of 40 patients (44 hips) operated from 1995 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Radiographs were evaluated according to the classification of the acetabular bone defect, graft shape, and the presence of osseointegration.

A grape seed and bilberry extract reduces blood pressure in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes: the PRECISE study, a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over intervention study.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. T2DM prevention is largely based on weight-loss and whole diet changes, but intervention with dietary plant bioactives may also improve metabolic health.

Objective: To assess whether supplementation with bilberry and grape seed extract for 12 weeks improves cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals at risk of developing T2DM, and to determine whether individual treatment response is associated with differences in gut microbiota composition and levels of phenolic metabolites in blood and feces.

Thrombospondin Mutations and Patients With Primary Congenital Glaucoma in a United States Population.

Mutations in the thrombospondin 1 ( THBS1 ) gene have been previously reported in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) pedigrees that exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance with low penetrance. We sought to determine the role of THBS1 mutations in a cohort of 20 patients with PCG and 362 normal controls from Iowa using a combination of Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing. We detected 16 different THBS1 variants, including 4 rare, nonsynonymous variants (p.

Challenging Behavior in Context: A Case Study on How People, Space, and Activities Interact.

Aim: We aim to gain insight into the interaction between challenging behavior as shown by individuals with an intellectual impairment, and space, and to explore the possibilities of using routinely collected data to this end.

Background: Research on challenging behavior by intellectually impaired individuals links their behavior to context, which includes space. Unfortunately, research about this link is hard to conduct, since these individuals may have difficulties expressing themselves verbally and react extremely to sensory stimuli.

Functional α7 nicotinic receptors in human airway smooth muscle increase intracellular calcium concentration and contractility in asthmatics.

Although nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are commonly associated with neurons in the brain and periphery, recent data indicate that they are also expressed in non-neuronal tissues. We recently found the alpha7 (α7nAChR) subunit is highly expressed in human airway smooth muscle (hASM) with substantial increase in asthmatics, but their functionality remains unknown. We investigated the location and functional role of α7nAChRs in hASM cells from normal versus mild-moderate asthmatic patients.