Aqueous cannabidiol β-cyclodextrin complexed polymeric micelle nasal spray to attenuate in vitro and ex vivo SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storms.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has a number of biological effects by acting on the cannabinoid receptors CB and CB. CBD may be involved in anti-inflammatory processes via CB and CB receptors, resulting in a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, CBD's poor aqueous solubility is a major issue in pharmaceutical applications.

Oral inhalation of cannabidiol delivered from a metered dose inhaler to alleviate cytokine production induced by SARS-CoV-2 and pollutants.

Cannabidiol (CBD) was formulated as a metered dose inhaler (CBD-MDI) and evaluated for its efficacy as an inhaled dosage form against inflammation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from , silica particles, nicotine, and coal tar. A CBD-MDI formulation was prepared with 50 mg of CBD in 10 mL for a CBD dose of 250 μg/puff. The formulation ingredients included CBD, absolute ethanol as a cosolvent, and HFA-134a as the propellant.

Biomimetic sensors targeting oxidized-low-density lipoprotein with molecularly imprinted polymers.

Oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is well-recognized as an actual patho-atherogenic lipoprotein: elevated serum concentration of oxLDL increases the risk for developing atherosclerosis, leading to coronary artery disease (CAD). Herein, we report an approach for sensing oxLDL directly in serum with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) thin films on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The resulting MIP sensors show low cross-reaction toward low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL): signals are around one magnitude smaller.

Effect of sodium deoxycholate sulfate on outer membrane permeability and neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by polymyxin B formulations.

We demonstrated binding interactions of polymyxin B (PMB), PMB formulations in the mole ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 of PMB:sodium deoxycholate sulfate (SDCS) and a commercial PMB formulation (CPMB) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The 1:2 PMB formulation (78.5-135.

Novel adsorptive materials by adenosine 5'-triphosphate imprinted-polymer over the surface of polystyrene nanospheres for selective separation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate biomarker from urine.

In this study, we have developed a method to assess adenosine 5'-triphosphate by adsorptive extraction using surface adenosine 5'-triphosphate-imprinted polymer over polystyrene nanoparticles (412 ± 16 nm) for selective recognition/separation from urine. Molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized by emulsion copolymerization reaction using adenosine 5'-triphosphate as a template, functional monomers (methacrylic acid, N-isopropyl acrylamide, and dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate) and a crosslinker, methylenebisacrylamide. The binding capacities of imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection with a detection limit of 1.

Binding interactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides to polymyxin B in an amphiphilic carrier 'sodium deoxycholate sulfate'.

This work presents the outcomes of a comparative study of molecular interactions of polymyxin B (PMB) and F12 and F13 formulations in the mole ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 of PMB:sodium deoxycholate sulfate (SDCS), respectively, and a commercial PMB formulation (CPMB) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Several spectroscopic and interfacial studies were performed to obtain LPS-peptide interactions at a molecular level. The fluorescence titrimetry method revealed that the F12 formulation (325 nM) exhibited a lower number of binding sites to the LPS compared to CPMB and F13 as well as PMB alone (537 nM).

Improvement in insulin absorption into gastrointestinal epithelial cells by using molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles: Microscopic evaluation and ultrastructure.

A molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle (MIP) was prepared by integrating a mixed functional monomer into a highly cross-linked polymer. The nanosized insulin as a template transferred into the binding cavities, anchored functional monomer(s) that the insulin structure formed within free space of the molecular size region by MIP nanoparticles. The oral administration with the insulin-loaded MIP resulted in higher fluorescence intensity of rhodamine-labeled insulin into the epithelial cells.

High-density lipoprotein sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer.

Decreased blood level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the essential criteria in diagnosing metabolic syndrome associated with the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Herein, we report the synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that selectively binds HDL, namely, HDL-MIP, and thus serves as an artificial, biomimetic sensor layer. The optimized polymer contains methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone in the ratio of 2:3, cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.

Biomimetic insulin-imprinted polymer nanoparticles as a potential oral drug delivery system.

In this study, we investigate molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which form a three-dimensional image of the region at and around the active binding sites of pharmaceutically active insulin or are analogous to b cells bound to insulin. This approach was employed to create a welldefined structure within the nanospace cavities that make up functional monomers by cross-linking. The obtained MIPs exhibited a high adsorption capacity for the target insulin, which showed a significantly higher release of insulin in solution at pH 7.

Dopaminergic receptor-ligand binding assays based on molecularly imprinted polymers on quartz crystal microbalance sensors.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been successfully applied as selective materials for assessing the binding activity of agonist and antagonist of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) by using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). In this study, D1R derived from rat hypothalamus was used as a template and thus self-organized on stamps. Those were pressed into an oligomer film consisting of acrylic acid: N-vinylpyrrolidone: N,N'-(1,2-dihydroxyethylene) bis-acrylamide in a ratio of 2:3:12 spin coated onto a dual electrode QCM.

Low-Density Lipoprotein Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer.

Increased level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) strongly correlates with incidence of coronary heart disease. We synthesized novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) as biomimetic specific receptors to establish rapid analysis of LDL levels. For that purpose the ratios of monomers acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP), respectively, were screened on 10 MHz dual-electrode quartz crystal microbalances (QCM).

Development of a rubber elongation factor, surface-imprinted polymer-quartz crystal microbalance sensor, for quantitative determination of Hev b1 rubber latex allergens present in natural rubber latex products.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for screening to detect rubber latex allergens (Hev b1) in natural rubber based products were designed as artificial recognition polymeric materials coated onto a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The polymers were prepared using a stamp imprinting procedure after mixing optimum amounts of methacrylic acid-vinylpyrrolidone-dihydroxyethylene bisacrylamide and Hev b1 latex allergen proteins, obtained from rubber gloves. QCM measurements showed that the resulting polymer layers after removal of the proteins used in their preparation could incorporate structures and features down to nanometer scale of protein templates into the imprinted polymer much better than a non-specific control polymer under controlled sensor conditions and an optimized polymerization process.

Interdigitated capacitive biosensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer for rapid detection of Hev b1 latex allergen.

Allergen protein detection was performed by a surface imprinted layer combined with an interdigitated capacitance (IDC) transducer that allowed label-free measurements. The immobilized imprinted polymers are the probes that bind to rubber allergen proteins extracted from products such as rubber gloves. Copolymers made from methacrylic acid-vinylpyrrolidone-dihydroxyethylene-bisacrylamide (MAA-NVP-DHEBA) are soluble in aqueous solution and eliminate the denaturation of protein.

Interaction of Amphotericin B with cholesteryl palmityl carbonate ester.

A cholesteryl carbonate ester was prepared and evaluated as a possible thermotropic liquid crystal excipient for dry powder inhalers. Cholesteryl palmityl carbonate (CPC) was synthesized, and the phase behavior was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, polarized light microscope, small angle X-ray diffraction, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Amphotericin B (AmB) was incorporated into CPC at various mole% (7.

Development of a pH-responsive drug delivery system for enantioselective-controlled delivery of racemic drugs.

This study aimed to develop enantioselective-controlled drug delivery systems for selective release of the required (S)-enantiomer in a dose formulation containing a racemic drug in response to pH stimuli. The recognition system was obtained from a nanoparticle-on-microsphere (NOM) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with a multifunctional chiral cinchona anchor synthesised by suspension polymerisation using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. (S)-omeprazole was used as an imprinting molecule conferring stereoselectivity upon the polymers.

Recognition properties and competitive assays of a dual dopamine/serotonin selective molecularly imprinted polymer.

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with dual dopamine/serotonin-like binding sites (DS-MIP) was synthesized for use as a receptor model of study the drug-interaction of biological mixed receptors at a molecular level. The polymer material was produced using methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylamide (ACM) as functional monomers, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA) as cross-linker, methanol/water mixture (4:1, v/v) as porogen and a mixture of dopamine (D) and serotonin (S) as templates. The prepared DS-MIP exhibited the greatest rebinding of the template(s) in aqueous methanol solution with decreased recognition in acetonitrile, water and methanol solvent.

The use of trichloroacetic acid imprinted polymer coated quartz crystal microbalance as a screening method for determination of haloacetic acids in drinking water.

An alternative screening method for haloacetic acids (HAAs) disinfection by-products in drinking water is described. The method is based on the use of piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducing system, where the electrode is coated with a trichloacetic acid-molecularly imprinted polymer (TCAA-MIP). This MIP comprises a crosslinked poly(ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine).

Development of a reservoir-type transdermal enantioselective-controlled delivery system for racemic propranolol using a molecularly imprinted polymer composite membrane.

The aims of this study were to develop a transdermal patch for selective controlled delivery of the active S-enantiomer from racemic propranolol, and to evaluate its performance in vivo using Wistar rats. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) thin-layer composited cellulose membrane with selectivity for S-propranolol was employed as the enantioselective-controlled release system. The effect of gel reservoir (poloxamer and chitosan) on enantioselective delivery was investigated.

S-propranolol imprinted polymer nanoparticle-on-microsphere composite porous cellulose membrane for the enantioselectively controlled delivery of racemic propranolol.

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticle-on-microspheres (NOM) selective for S-propranolol were successfully prepared using suspension polymerization involving agitation of the reaction mixture at high speed. The integration of the MIP-NOM into a self-assembled porous cellulose membrane allowed a controlled distribution and availability of the molecule recognition sites within a porous structure. The nature of the membrane-included microparticles determined the degree of porosity whilst the adherent nanoparticles provided an increased surface area enabling the composite membrane to be employed efficiently for the trans-membrane transport of the imprinted molecule.

Composite membrane of bacterially-derived cellulose and molecularly imprinted polymer for use as a transdermal enantioselective controlled-release system of racemic propranolol.

A composite membrane for transdermal delivery of S-propranolol enantiomer was developed based on the controlled pore functionalization of bacterial cellulose membranes using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer synthesis. The reactive pore-filling of an asymmetric porous cellulose membrane with a MIP thin-layer was effected using a silanized coupler as an additional anchor for the MIP. MIP thin-layers with specific binding sites for S-propranolol were synthesized by copolymerization of methacrylic acid with a cross-linker, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of S-propranolol as the template molecule and the latter was subsequently extracted.

Temperature sensitive dopamine-imprinted (N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide cross-linked) polymer and its potential application to the selective extraction of adrenergic drugs from urine.

A temperature sensitive dopamine-imprinted polymer was prepared in 80% aqueous methanol solution by free-radical cross-linking co-polymerisation of methacrylic acid and acrylamide at 60 degrees C in the presence of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide as the cross-linker and dopamine hydrochloride as template molecule. The resulting molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) formed temperature responsive materials, which could be used for the selective separation of appropriate dopamine and adrenergic compounds from a liquid matrix at ambient temperatures. The thermoresponsive MIP exhibited a swelling-deswelling transition in 80% aqueous methanol solution at about 35 degrees C.

The correlation of urinary levels of albuterol and its metabolites isomers following inhalation from a dry powder inhaler and in vitro particle size characterisation.

This study was designed to analyse the two enantiomers of abuterol in urine after the inhalation of a single dose of racemic albuterol from three dry powder inhalers by human volunteers. Urine samples were collected over 24h and analysed by HPLC-with fluorescence detection. Albuterol and its metabolites in urine could only have resulted from pulmonary absorption because gastrointestinal absorption was prevented.

The study of in vitro-in vivo correlation: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of albuterol dry powder inhalers.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of albuterol were studied following inhalation of three different in-house dry powder formulations in healthy volunteers and in asthmatics. Albuterol in plasma was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The plasma concentration time profiles were fitted to a two-compartment model with first-order kinetics.

Use of molecularly imprinted polymers from a mixture of tetracycline and its degradation products to produce affinity membranes for the removal of tetracycline from water.

The possibility of introducing multiple recognition in artificial receptors by imprinting polymers, using a mixture of tetracycline (TC) and its degradation products as templates, has been examined. The recognition ability of the resulting molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), as evaluated by batch rebinding assay, was found to be group-specific to tetracyclines, while the single tetracycline imprinted polymer (MIP-2) prepared using TC free from degradation products as the print molecule showed considerably high selectivity for doxycycline (DC) and modest selectivity for TC and other TC derivatives, oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC). Based on the recognition property of the multiple tetracycline imprinted polymer (MIP-1), the polymer was applied in affinity membrane extraction as a class-selective adsorption phase to remove tetracyclines residues from water.