Advancements in gene therapy approaches for atrial fibrillation: Targeted delivery, mechanistic insights and future prospects.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a complex and challenging arrhythmia to treat, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This review explores the evolving landscape of gene therapy for AF, focusing on targeted delivery methods, mechanistic insights, and future prospects. Direct myocardial injection, reversible electroporation, and gene painting techniques are discussed as effective means of delivering therapeutic genes, emphasizing their potential to modulate both structural and electrical aspects of the AF substrate.

Closure of right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula by duct occluder device.

We report the successful transcatheter closure of the right pulmonary artery fistula to the left atrium in a 4-year-old boy, who had presented with cyanosis and easy fatigability, identified after two-dimensional echocardiogram with bubble contrast study, computed tomography (CT) angiography, and cardiac catheterization. The fistula was successfully closed by a transcatheter approach using an 18/16 duct occluder device. There was marked improvement clinically and no complication on 2-months follow-up.