Immobilization of recombinant serine protease from Virgobacillus natechei FarD on amino graphene-chitosan biocompatible nanohybrid for enhancing pH and thermal stability.

The serine protease gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using the PET 28a vector. The purified enzyme was immobilized on a nanohybrid of amino graphene and chitosan. The characterization of synthesized nanohybrids and immobilized enzymes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).

Navigating the fine line between focal atrial tachycardia and atrial flutter?

Focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is an organized atrial rhythm >100 beats per minute initiated from a discrete origin and spreading over both atria in a centrifugal pattern. The arrhythmia may be sustained or incessant. Dynamic forms with recurrent interruptions and reinitiating may be frequent.

Ursolic acid enhances the effect of exercise training on vascular aging by reducing oxidative stress in aged type 2 diabetic rats.

Ursolic acid (UA) mediates the vasorelaxant activity via nitric oxide (NO) release, and upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs) in disease conditions with increased oxidative stress (OS). The present study aimed to reflect on the impact of 8 weeks of a combination of UA supplementation and resistance/endurance training in old male Wistar rats having a high-fat diet and/or low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes (HFD/STZ-induced T2D), with an emphasis on Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) axis and OS indices in their aortic tissues. A total number of56 21-month-old male Wistar rats with HFD/STZ-induced T2D were randomized into seven groups (n = eight animals per group): (1) sedentary old nondiabetic (Control [C]); (2) sedentary HFD/STZ-induced T2D (Diabetic [D]); (3) sedentary HFD/STZ-induced T2D plus UA (Diabetic + Ursolic Acid [DU]); (4) endurance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D (Diabetic + Endurance Training [DE]); (5) resistance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D (Diabetic + Resistance Training [DR]); (6) endurance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D plus UA (Diabetic + Endurance Training + Ursolic Acid [DEU]); and (7) resistance-trained STZ-diabetic plus UA (Diabetic + Resistance Training + Ursolic Acid [DRU]) rats.

Recombinant protein expression: Challenges in production and folding related matters.

Protein folding is a biophysical process by which proteins reach a specific three-dimensional structure. The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain contains all the information needed to determine the final three-dimensional structure of a protein. When producing a recombinant protein, several problems can occur, including proteolysis, incorrect folding, formation of inclusion bodies, or protein aggregation, whereby the protein loses its natural structure.

Mercury (Hg) Detection in Aqueous Media, Photocatalyst, and Antibacterial Applications of CdTe/ZnS Quantum Dots.

In the present work, CdTe/ZnS high luminescence quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by a facile, fast, one-pot, and room temperature photochemical method. Synthesized QDs were characterized by different structural and optical analyses such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, photoluminescence (PL) and UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies. The results confirmed the successful growth of the ZnS shell and formation of CdTe/ZnS core/shell structure.

Thermally stable and acidic pH tolerant mutant phytases with high catalytic efficiency from Yersinia intermedia for potential application in feed industries.

Heat- and pH-stable phytase efficiently hydrolyzes phytic acid. In this research, heat- and pH-stable mutant phytases, TR, LR, and TR/LR were generated by site-directed mutagenesis from Yersinia intermedia. After the induction and expression of recombinant wild-type and mutant phytases in E.

Combined Training Improves the Expression Profile of Inflammation-associated Antimicrobial Peptides, MicroRNAs, and TLR-4 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), microRNAs (miRs), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) are involved in autoimmune diseases, which may be affected by exercise training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week combined exercise training (aerobic and resistance) on the expression of inflammatory factors, including, human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), cathelicidin (LL-37), TLR-4, miR-23b, miR-155, and miR-326 in women with relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), which has not been investigated yet. Twenty-three women (20-40 years) with RRMS were randomized into the combined training (CT) and control (CON) groups.

Fabrication of an ultrasensitive aptasensor for precise electrochemical detection of the trace amounts of streptomycin in milk.

Designing a sensitive method for the detection of streptomycin residues in animal products is essential for controlling consumer health risk. In this study, a high-purity pencil lead graphite electrode coated with inner graphene layers and outer surface-adsorbed gold nanoparticles attached to streptomycin-specific thiolated aptamer was used as an electrochemical aptasensor. The aptasensor electrode fabrication steps were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR).

Improved thermal stability of phytase from Yersinia intermedia by physical adsorption immobilization on amino-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

Phytase is used in poultry diets to hydrolyze and release of phytate-bound phosphorus. Immobilization on nanomaterials optimizes enzyme's thermal stability and reusability. This study aimed to immobilize the recombinant phytase from Yersinia intermedia on the surface of amino-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (amino-MWCNTs) by physical adsorption.

Nano-organic supports for enzyme immobilization: Scopes and perspectives.

A variety of organic nanomaterials and organic polymers are used for enzyme immobilization to increase enzymes stability and reusability. In this study, the effects of the immobilization of enzymes on organic and organic-inorganic hybrid nano-supports are compared. Immobilization of enzymes on organic support nanomaterials was reported to significantly improve thermal, pH and storage stability, acting also as a protection against metal ions inhibitory effects.

Identification of a novel tailor-made chitinase from white shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis.

Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (commonly named banana shrimp) is one of the most important farmed crustacean worldwide species for the fisheries and aquaculture industry. Besides its nutritional value, it is a good source of chitinase, an enzyme with excellent biological and catalytic properties for many industrial applications. In the present study, a putative chitinase-encoding cDNA was synthesized from mRNA from F.

Induced dysregulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in COVID-19 severity.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, is reported to increase the rate of mortality worldwide. COVID-19 is associated with acute respiratory symptoms as well as blood coagulation in the vessels (thrombosis), heart attack and stroke. Given the requirement of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, here we discuss how the downregulation of ACE2 in the COVID-19 patients and virus-induced shift in ACE2 catalytic equilibrium, change the concentrations of substrates such as angiotensin II, apelin-13, dynorphin-13, and products such as angiotensin (1-7), angiotensin (1-9), apelin-12, dynorphin-12 in the human body.

Immobilization of enzymes on nanoinorganic support materials: An update.

Despite the widespread use in various industries, enzyme's instability and non-reusability limit their applications which can be overcome by immobilization. The nature of the enzyme's support material and method of immobilization affect activity, stability, and kinetics properties of enzymes. Here, we report a comparative study of the effects of inorganic support materials on immobilized enzymes.

Xylanases from marine microorganisms: A brief overview on scope, sources, features and potential applications.

Global economic growth often leads to depletion of raw materials and generation of greenhouse gases, as industry manufactures goods at ever increasing levels to keep up with the demand. The currently implemented production processes mostly rely on non-renewable resources, they suffer from high energy consumption, and generate waste that often has a negative environmental impact. Eco-friendly production methods are therefore intensely searched for.

Effect of moderate and high-intensity endurance and resistance training on serum concentrations of MSTN and IGF-1 in old male Wistar rats.

Background Skeletal muscle is very sensitive to extracellular and intracellular signaling evoked by contractions from endurance and resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate- and high-intensity endurance and resistance training on the serum myostatin (MSTN) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels in older rats. Materials and methods Fifty old Wistar male rats (23 months old) were randomly divided into four experimental and one control groups, including moderate-endurance training (MET) (n = 10), high-intensity endurance training (EHT) (n = 10), moderate-intensity resistance training (MRT) (n = 10), high-intensity resistance training (HRT) (n = 10), and control group (C) (n = 10).

A molecular investigation into the interaction of SiO nanoparticles with elastase by multispectroscopic techniques and kinetic studies.

The increasing use of nanoparticles in various industries has triggered the need to study their interconnection with biological macromolecules. The goal of this study was to survey the SiO-nanoparticles efficacy on the thermal denaturation, conformation and activity of elastase at three temperatures of 303, 313 and 323K in the Tris buffer at pH of 8.5.

Marine chitinolytic enzymes, a biotechnological treasure hidden in the ocean?

Chitinolytic enzymes are capable to catalyze the chitin hydrolysis. Due to their biomedical and biotechnological applications, nowadays chitinolytic enzymes have attracted worldwide attention. Chitinolytic enzymes have provided numerous useful materials in many different industries, such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or biomedical industry.

An Overview of FGF19 and FGF21: The Therapeutic Role in the Treatment of the Metabolic Disorders and Obesity.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are responsible for the regulation of a wide range of biological functions, among which cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation could be pointed out. FGF19 controls the enterohepatic bile acid/cholesterol system, and FGF21 modulates fatty acid/glucose metabolism. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer, all can alter FGF21 circulating concentrations.

Mounting evidence validates Ursolic Acid directly activates SIRT1: A powerful STAC which mimic endogenous activator of SIRT1.

Ursolic Acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, plays a vital role in aging process. However, the role of UA in the regulation of aging and longevity is still controversial as we have previously demonstrated that UA increases SIRT1 protein level in aged-mice. Here, we reveal that UA directly activates SIRT1 in silico, in vitro and in vivo.

The emerging use of bioluminescence in medical research.

Bioluminescence is the light produced by a living organism and is commonly emitted by sea life with Ca-regulated photoproteins being the most responsible for bioluminescence emission. Marine coelenterates provide important functions involved in essential purposes such as defense, feeding, and breeding. In this review, the main characteristics of marine photoproteins including aequorin, clytin, obelin, berovin, pholasin and symplectin from different marine organisms will be discussed.

Thermostable marine microbial proteases for industrial applications: scopes and risks.

Thermostable proteases are important in biotechnological and industrial sectors, due to their stability against denaturing agents and chemicals. The feature that gives them such unique applicability is their reaction at high temperatures, which affords a high concentration of substrate, and less risk of microbial contamination. Nearly 65% of industrial proteases are isolated from marine microbial source, and they can significantly resist a wide range of organic solvents at high temperatures.

Light emission miracle in the sea and preeminent applications of bioluminescence in recent new biotechnology.

Bioluminescence is referred to the light emission by a living organism due to a specific biochemical reaction. This interesting feature of the organisms could highly influences behavioral and ecosystem dynamics. Luminescence, mostly observed in marine species, is generally higher in deep-living genera than in benthic or shallow organisms.

Luciferin-Regenerating Enzyme Crystal Structure Is Solved but its Function Is Still Unclear.

Contribution of luciferin-regenerating enzyme (LRE) for in vitro recycling of D-luciferin has been reported. According to crystal structure of LRE, it is a beta-propeller protein which is a type of all β-protein architecture. In this overview, reinvestigation of the luciferase-based LRE assays and its function is reported.

Short-term ursolic acid promotes skeletal muscle rejuvenation through enhancing of SIRT1 expression and satellite cells proliferation.

Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid compound, which exerts its influences on the skeletal muscles. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. In this study, muscle satellite cells were isolated and purified by high-throughput pre-plating method (∼>60%) from 10 days old mice skeletal muscles.