Cerebrospinal fluid red blood cells and total protein are associated with clinical outcome in spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Prognostication in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be challenging. The aim of this study was to assess whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) red blood cell (RBC) count and total protein (TP) concentration are associated with SAH prognosis.

Methods: Patients with SAH treated at the neurological intensive care unit (ICU) in Innsbruck were included in this real-world, observational study.

Liberalization of the Systemic Glucose Management is Associated with a Reduced Frequency of Neuroglucopenia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Pathologically low brain glucose levels, referred to as neuroglucopenia, are associated with unfavorable outcomes in neurocritical care patients. We sought to investigate whether an increase in serum glucose levels would be associated with a reduction of neuroglucopenia.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, we included 55 consecutive patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent cerebral microdialysis (CMD) monitoring.

Follow-Up Imaging in Angiography-Negative Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield of follow-up investigations in aneurysm-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients.

Methods: In 109 (25%) of 435 patients with SAH and initial negative digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the diagnostic yield of repeat DSA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and craniocervical junction was reviewed.

Results: Of the 109 patients with an initial negative DSA, 51 (47%) had perimesencephalic (PM), 54 (50%) had nonperimesencephalic (NPM) blood distribution, and 4 (3.

Objective and subjective cognitive outcomes one year after COVID-19.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate subjective cognitive, physical, and mental health symptoms as well as objective cognitive deficits in COVID-19 patients 1 year after infection.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Seventy-four patients, who contracted a SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020, underwent an in-person neuropsychological assessment in 2021.

Beyond Control: Temperature Burden in Patients with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-An Observational Study.

Background: Temperature abnormalities are common after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we aimed to describe the evolution of temperature burden despite temperature control and to assess its impact on outcome parameters.

Methods: This retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data included 375 consecutive patients with SAH admitted to the neurological intensive care unit between 2010 and 2022.

Cognitive, Mental Health, Functional, and Quality of Life Outcomes 1 Year After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently encounter cognitive dysfunction and mental health issues with negative effects on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Here, we aimed to describe the prevalence of cognitive deficits, mental health problems, and HR-QoL impairments 1 year after SAH.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 177 patients with SAH admitted to our neurointensive care unit over a time span of ten years followed the invitation for an in-person 1-year follow-up, including a standardized neuropsychological test battery.

Distinct smell and taste disorder phenotype of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae.

Purpose: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) commonly accompanies coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the kinetics of OD resolution following SARS-CoV-2 infection (wild-type and alpha variant) and its impact on quality of life, physical and mental health.

Methods: OD prevalence was assessed in an ambulatory COVID-19 survey (n = 906, ≥ 90 days follow-up) and an observational cohort of ambulatory and hospitalized individuals (n = 108, 360 days follow-up).

Body Composition and Physical Performance 1 Year After COVID-19.

Objective: Long-term consequences after COVID-19 include physical complaints, which may impair physical recovery and quality of life.

Design: We assessed body composition and physical ability in patients 12 months after COVID-19. Consecutively recruited patients recovering from mild to severe COVID-19 were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, 6-min-walk test, additional scales for physical performance and health-related quality of life.

Blood Pressure Changes in Association with Nimodipine Therapy in Patients with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Nimodipine is recommended to prevent delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we studied hemodynamic side effects of different nimodipine formulations (per os [PO] and intravenous [IV]) in patients with SAH undergoing continuous blood pressure monitoring.

Methods: This observational cohort study includes consecutive patients with SAH (271 included in the IV group, 49 in the PO group) admitted to a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2021.

Lower initial red blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid predicts good functional outcome in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Red blood cell (RBC) degradation after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) negatively affects functional outcome. Although the detection of RBCs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a widely available part of neurological routine diagnostics, the prognostic value as a biomarker remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate whether CSF RBC count correlates with established radiological markers of SAH volume and whether the CSF RBC count can predict functional outcome in SAH patients.

Brain microdialysate tau dynamics predict functional and neurocognitive recovery after poor-grade subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage is a devastating disease that results in neurocognitive deficits and a poor functional outcome in a considerable proportion of patients. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of microtubule-associated tau protein measured in the cerebral microdialysate for long-term functional and neuropsychological outcomes in poor-grade subarachnoid haemorrhage patients. We recruited 55 consecutive non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage patients who underwent multimodal neuromonitoring, including cerebral microdialysis.

Cognitive dysfunction 1 year after COVID-19: evidence from eye tracking.

Increasing evidence suggests persistent cognitive dysfunction after COVID-19. In this cross-sectional study, frontal lobe function was assessed 12 months after the acute phase of the disease, using tailored eye tracking assessments. Individuals who recovered from COVID-19 made significantly more errors in all eye tracking tasks compared to age/sex-matched healthy controls.

Long-Term Clinical Trajectory of Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Linking Acute Care and Neurorehabilitation.

Background: Despite improvements in the critical care management of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a substantial number of patients still suffer from disabilities. In most areas of the world, longitudinal follow-up is not routinely performed, and the patient's trajectory remains unknown.

Methods: We prospectively collected data of 298 consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH and evaluated clinical trajectories at discharge, 3 months, and 1 year after SAH.

Brain Tissue Damage Induced by Multimodal Neuromonitoring In Situ during MRI after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Incidence and Clinical Relevance.

Both neuromonitoring and early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide crucial information for treatment management and prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). So far, neuromonitoring in situ impedes the routine implementation of MRI due to safety concerns. We aimed to evaluate the brain tissue damage induced by inserted neuromonitoring devices and its clinical relevance.

Caspr2 antibodies in herpes simplex encephalitis: an extension of the spectrum of virus induced autoimmunity? - A case report.

Background: Post herpes simplex virus (HSV) autoimmune encephalitis has been reported mainly in association with NMDA receptor antibodies, however, never with Caspr2 antibodies.

Case Presentation: We report an 82-year old female patient with encephalitis who presented with aphasia, left temporo-mesial hyperintense lesion on MRI, epileptiform discharges on spot electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytic pleocytosis and who showed positive HSV polymerase chain reaction in CSF as well as antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2).

Conclusion: This is the first report of a patient with encephalitis who tested positive for HSV as well as for Caspr2 antibodies.

Early supplemental parenteral nutrition for the achievement of nutritional goals in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: An observational cohort study.

Purpose: Enteral nutrition (EN) often fails to achieve nutritional goals in neurocritical care patients. We sought to investigate the safety and utility of supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients.

Materials And Methods: Data of 70 consecutive patients with non-traumatic SAH admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of a tertiary referral center were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Neurological outcomes 1 year after COVID-19 diagnosis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background And Purpose: Neurological sequelae from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may persist after recovery from acute infection. Here, the aim was to describe the natural history of neurological manifestations over 1 year after COVID-19.

Methods: A prospective, multicentre, longitudinal cohort study in COVID-19 survivors was performed.

Differentiation of Critical Illness Myopathy and Critical Illness Neuropathy Using Nerve Ultrasonography.

Purpose: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness occurs frequently in intensive care unit patients, including critical illness myopathy (CIM) and critical illness polyneuropathy (CIPN). The authors present a prospective study to assess the ultrasound pattern sum score to differentiate between confirmed CIM, sensory neuropathy, and CIPN cases.

Methods: Cross-sectional areas of 12 predefined nerve segments in 16 patients were sonographically examined.

The effect of the volemic and cardiac status on brain oxygenation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a bi-center cohort study.

Background: Fluid management in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) aims at the optimization of cerebral blood flow and brain oxygenation. In this study, we investigated the effects of hemodynamic management on brain oxygenation by integrating advanced hemodynamic and invasive neuromonitoring.

Methods: This observational cohort bi-center study included data of consecutive poor-grade SAH patients who underwent pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring and invasive neuromonitoring.

Factors associated with impaired quality of life three months after being diagnosed with COVID-19.

Purpose: To assess patient characteristics associated with health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and its mental and physical subcategories 3 months after diagnosis with COVID-19.

Methods: In this prospective multicentre cohort study, HR-QoL was assessed in 90 patients using the SF-36 questionnaire (36-item Short Form Health Survey), which consists of 8 health domains that can be divided into a mental and physical health component. Mental health symptoms including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5) 3 months after COVID-19.

Intracerebral Iron Accumulation may be Associated with Secondary Brain Injury in Patients with Poor Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: The amount of intracranial blood is a strong predictor of poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we aimed to measure iron concentrations in the cerebral white matter, using the cerebral microdialysis (CMD) technique, and to associate iron levels with the local metabolic profile, complications, and functional outcome.

Methods: For the observational cohort study, 36 patients with consecutive poor grade SAH (Hunt & Hess grade of 4 or 5, Glasgow Coma Scale Score ≤ 8) undergoing multimodal neuromonitoring were analyzed for brain metabolic changes, including CMD iron levels quantified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.