Widening Access: Sterile Tourniquets for Surgery to the Distal Humerus.

Purpose of the study The use of tourniquets during surgery of the distal humerus can improve visibility and reduce surgical time. However, the available operating field can be limited due to the size and placement of the tourniquet. This proof-of-concept study aimed to determine if sterile tourniquets can provide a wider surgical field compared to non-sterile tourniquets for procedures around the distal humerus.

Effectiveness of early versus delayed rehabilitation following total shoulder replacement: A systematic review.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of early versus delayed rehabilitation following total shoulder replacement.

Design: Intervention systematic review with narrative synthesis.

Literature Search: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to the 29 of July 2021.

Wide-Awake Shoulder Nanoscopic Long Head of Biceps Tenotomy.

Arthroscopic long head of biceps tenotomy is an established technique for addressing shoulder pain associated with long head of biceps pathology. Arthroscopic techniques, compared with open surgery, have demonstrated improvements in outcomes for patients including rapid recovery, but either regional or general anesthesia is required, which is associated with complications. We describe a novel technique using a Nanoscope needle arthroscopy system that allows for long head of biceps tenotomy to be performed under local anesthetic in the outpatient or office setting.

Rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty in the United Kingdom National Health Service: A survey of publicly facing information.

Introduction: The prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty (SA) is rising, but there is limited research evaluating rehabilitation following SA and whether there is an optimal approach remains unknown. The aim of this study was to understand current National Health Service (NHS) practice for rehabilitation following SA as a platform for conducting much needed further research.

Methods: Two reviewers independently undertook electronic searches for publicly available information sheets (PIS) from websites of NHS Trusts that included detail about rehabilitation following SA, for example, duration of immobilisation.

Evaluation of primary care 6- to 8-week hip check for diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip: a 15-year observational cohort study.

Background: The current 6- to 8-week Newborn and Infant Physical Examination (NIPE) clinical assessment is a current standard hip-screening test in the community (England) to detect developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Aim: To assess the value of the primary care 6- to 8-week clinical hip examination for the diagnosis of DDH.

Design And Setting: A single-centre 15-year observational cohort study at a district general hospital between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2010.

Development and Evaluation of a New Formative Assessment of Surgical Performance.

Background: Formative assessment of operative performance is a mandatory part of surgical training. Engagement with assessment is limited in part by the time-consuming nature and the high perceived stakes of current assessment tools.

Objectives: Our aims were to develop and collect validity evidence for a new operative assessment tool that addresses barriers to assessment that current trainers and trainees experience.

A decision tool for whole-body CT in major trauma that safely reduces unnecessary scanning and associated radiation risks: An initial exploratory analysis.

Background: Whole-body CT (WBCT) has become routine practice in the assessment of major trauma patients. Whilst this may be associated with increased survival, several studies report high rates of negative scans. As no national guideline exists, selection criteria for WBCT vary widely.

Missile launch pad: an unusual consequence of airbag deployment.

Vehicle airbags significantly reduce vehicle occupant injuries and fatalities in road accidents. However, a number of injuries are recognised as being directly attributable to airbag deployment. The majority of these are blunt injuries due to the high force of airbag deployment and include ocular injuries, burns, chest trauma and, rarely, fatalities.

Methyl vinyl ketone--identification and quantification of adducts to N-terminal valine in human hemoglobin.

Adducts to N-terminal valines in Hb have been shown useful as biomarkers of exposure to electrophilic compounds. Adducts from many compounds have earlier been measured with a modified Edman degradation method using a GC-MS/MS method. A recently developed method, the adduct FIRE procedure™, adopted for analysis by LC-MS/MS, has been applied in this study.

Evaluation of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for a 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane adduct to valine.

A molecularly imprinted polymer, MIP, was prepared and evaluated as SPE sorbent for a cyclicized adduct formed to N-terminal valine (Pyr-Val) in hemoglobin from 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB). This metabolite plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of 1,3-butadiene. The hydrazide of Pyr-Val, formed after hydrazinolysis of hemoglobin, as well as necessary standards was synthesized.

A new general pathway for synthesis of reference compounds of N-terminal valine-isocyanate adducts.

Adducts to Hb could be used as biomarkers to monitor exposure to isocyanates. Particularly useful is the measurement of carbamoylation of N-terminal valines in Hb, after detachment as hydantoins. The synthesis of references from the reactive isocyanates, especially diisocyanates, has been problematic due to side reactions and polymerization of the isocyanate starting material.

Measurement of time-dependent changes in the irregularity of neural spiking.

Irregularity of firing in spike trains has been associated with coding processes and information transfer or alternatively treated as noise. Previous studies of irregularity have mainly used the coefficient of variation (CV) of the interspike interval distribution. Proper estimation of CV requires a constant underlying firing rate, a condition that most experimental situations do not fulfill either within or across trials.