Effect of milk fat globules on growth and metabolism in rats fed an unbalanced diet.

We assessed the effects of supplementing milk fat globules (MFG) on the growth and development of the skeleton in rats fed a Western unbalanced diet (UBD). The UBD is high in sugar and fat, low in protein, fiber, and micronutrients, and negatively impacts health. The MFG-a complex lipid-protein assembly secreted into milk-has a unique structure and composition, which differs significantly from isolated and processed dietary ingredients.

Effect of Combined Protein-Enriched Enteral Nutrition and Early Cycle Ergometry in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients-A Pilot Study.

Background: Cycle ergometry (CE) is a method of exercise used in clinical practice. Limited data demonstrate its effectiveness in critically ill patients. We aimed to evaluate the combination of CE and a high-protein diet in critically ill patients.

Enteral and supplemental parenteral nutrition enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in intensive care patients - A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial.

Background & Aims: Enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have beneficial effects in critical illness. This study aimed to assess the combined effect of EN and supplemental PN enriched with omega-3 PUFA on blood oxygenation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods: Single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase III trial conducted from 10/2013 to 11/2017.

The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Different Sources in Bone Development.

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that must be obtained from the diet. We have previously showed that endogenous n-3 PUFAs contribute to skeletal development and bone quality in fat-1 mice. Unlike other mammals, these transgenic mice, carry the n-3 desaturase gene and thus can convert n-6 to n-3 PUFAs endogenously.

Effect of Supplemental Enteral Fish Oil on the Development of Psychological Complications in Critically Ill Multiple-Trauma Patients: 6 Months' Follow-Up.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Defic it intake of ω-3 polyuns aturated fatty ac ids (PUFAs) may be as sociated with developm ent of PTSD.

Methods: This study randomized mechanically ventilated patients suffering from multiple trauma (n = 150) into 2 groups: a study and a control group that received enteral feeding with or without fish oil.

Lipidome changes, with a focus on phospholipids, due to feeding systems and processing in goat milk.

We evaluated the effects of processing - pasteurization and yoghurt manufacturing - on some health-promoting lipidome components in milk from two feeding treatments - brushland grazing or hay-feeding in confinement - in dairy goats. The contents of fat and protein were higher, and of urea, lower, in grazing goats. Fatty acid composition - at the exception of saturated fatty acids - was affected by dietary management and milk processing.

Dietary pomegranate peel improves milk quality of lactating ewes: Emphasis on milk fat globule membrane properties and antioxidative traits.

Concentrated pomegranate peel extract (CPE) was supplemented to ewes, and milk yield and fat content-fatty acid (FA) and phospholipid (PL) composition-were monitored. CPE-fed ewes had higher milk yield, and fat, protein and lactose contents than controls. Milk PL content-20% higher in the CPE-supplemented group-was regulated by treatment and not by total fat content; milk phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine increased by 22 and 26%, respectively, in CPE-supplemented vs.

Telomere Length Changes during Critical Illness: A Prospective, Observational Study.

Objective: evaluation of telomere length change in acutely ill adult patients.

Design: Blood samples were drawn on the first and seventh day of intensive care unit (ICU) stay to assess telomere length using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique. Demographic data collected included age, weight, admission diagnosis, baseline laboratory values (pH, C- reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin level, white blood cell count (WBC) count, platelet count), and baseline SOFA and APACHE II scores.

Changes in lipid droplets morphometric features in mammary epithelial cells upon exposure to non-esterified free fatty acids compared with VLDL.

The effects of the macrostructure of long chain fatty acids on the lipid metabolism and biosynthesis of lipid droplets (LD) was studied in mammary epithelial cells (MEC). MEC were exposed to similar compositions and concentrations of fatty acids in the form of either triglycerides (Tg), as part of the very-low-density lipids (VLDL) isolated from lactating cow plasma, or as non-esterified- free fatty acids (FFA). Exposing MEC to FFA resulted in two distinct processes; each independently could increase LD size: an elevation in Tg production and alterations in phospholipid (PL) composition.

Altered concentrate to forage ratio in cows ration enhanced bioproduction of specific size subpopulation of milk fat globules.

The mechanism underlying the shift in milk-fat-globule (MFG) mean diameter upon changing the concentrate-to-forage ratio in dairy cow rations was investigated. Cows were fed high-concentrate low-forage (HCLF) or high-forage low-concentrate (LCHF) rations for 4 weeks. Mean diameter of MFG, determined in raw whole milk, was 0.

Elevated concentrate-to-forage ratio in dairy cow rations is associated with a shift in the diameter of milk fat globules and remodeling of their membranes.

We examined the effects of concentrate-to-forage ratio in dairy cow rations on milk-fat composition, with a specific focus on the structure of milk fat globules (MFG). Twenty-four Holstein cows, 153 d in milk, were assigned to 2 dietary treatments in a crossover design study. Treatments were (1) high-concentrate (65%), low-forage (35%; HCLF) diet and (2) low-concentrate (35%), high-forage (65%; LCHF) diet.

The relationship between size and lipid composition of the bovine milk fat globule is modulated by lactation stage.

The effect of lactation stage and size on the lipid composition of bovine milk fat globules (MFG) and their membranes (MFGM) was investigated. MFG were separated into six size groups (1-3 μm) from samples collected in early, mid and late lactation stages (10-250 days postpartum). Fatty acid and polar lipid composition was determined in each size group, at each lactation stage.

Size-dependent lipid content of bovine milk fat globule and membrane phospholipids.

The mammary epithelial cell produces unique structures and a range of diversely sized lipid particles from tens of micrometers to less than 1 μm. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of the differently sized milk fat globules (MFGs) and their complex membranes are not well described. Six size fractions of MFGs were obtained by gravity-based separation and analyzed, and their partial lipidome was determined.