Dynamics of rice seed-borne bacteria from acquisition to seedling colonization.

Background: Rice cultivation relies on planting grains harboring beneficial microbiota. However, the origination, distribution, and transmission dynamics of grain-borne bacteria remain unclear.

Results: Using rice grain as a model system, this study investigates the primary sources, major niches in seeds, and the dynamics of community acquisition, maintenance, and transmission between generations of grain-borne bacteria.

Insect-transmitted plant virus balances its vertical transmission through regulating Rab1-mediated receptor localization.

Rice stripe virus (RSV) establishes infection in the ovaries of its vector insect, Laodelphax striatellus. We demonstrate that RSV infection delays ovarian maturation by inhibiting membrane localization of the vitellogenin receptor (VgR), thereby reducing the vitellogenin (Vg) accumulation essential for egg development. We identify the host protein L.

Apoplast-Extraction Based Method to Improve the Purity of Plant Produced Recombinant Protein.

Plants are a newly developing eukaryotic expression system being explored to produce therapeutic proteins. Purification of recombinant proteins from plants is one of the most critical steps in the production process. Typically, proteins were purified from total soluble proteins (TSP), and the presence of miscellaneous intracellular proteins and cytochromes poses challenges for subsequent protein purification steps.

Trans-complementation of the viral movement protein mediates efficient expression of large target genes via a tobacco mosaic virus vector.

The development of plant virus-based expression systems has expanded rapidly owing to their potential applications in gene functional and disease resistance research, and industrial production of pharmaceutical proteins. However, the low yield of certain proteins, especially high-molecular-mass proteins, restricts the production scale. In this study, we observed that the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-mediated expression of a foreign protein was correlated with the amount of the movement protein (MP) and developed a TMV-derived pAT-MP vector system incorporating trans-complementation expression of MP.

The minus strand of positive-sense RNA viruses encodes small proteins.

It is widely accepted that the minus strands of positive single-strand RNA (+ssRNA) viruses function as replication templates only. Gong et al. revealed that the minus strand of two unrelated +ssRNA viruses encodes proteins.

Near-infrared light and PIF4 promote plant antiviral defense by enhancing RNA interference.

The molecular mechanism underlying phototherapy and light treatment, which utilize various wavelength spectra of light, including near-infrared (NIR), to cure human and plant diseases, is obscure. Here we revealed that NIR light confers antiviral immunity by positively regulating PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4)-activated RNA interference (RNAi) in plants. PIF4, a central transcription factor involved in light signaling, accumulates to high levels under NIR light in plants.

RcSPL1-RcTAF15b regulates the flowering time of rose ().

Rose (), which is an economically valuable floral species worldwide, has three types, namely once-flowering (OF), occasional or re-blooming (OR), and recurrent or continuous flowering (CF). However, the mechanism underlying the effect of the age pathway on the duration of the CF or OF juvenile phase is largely unknown. In this study, we observed that the transcript levels were substantially upregulated during the floral development period in CF and OF plants.

A Precise and Quantifiable Method for Collecting Hemolymph from Small Arthropods.

Arthropods are known to transmit a variety of viruses of medical and agricultural importance through their hemolymph, which is essential for virus transmission. Hemolymph collection is the basic technology for studying virus-vector interactions. Here, we describe a novel and simple method for the quantitative collection of hemolymph from small arthropods using Laodelphax striatellus (the small brown planthopper, SBPH) as a research model, as this arthropod is the main vector of rice stripe virus (RSV).

Phytopathogenic bacteria utilize host glucose as a signal to stimulate virulence through LuxR homologues.

Chemical signal-mediated biological communication is common within bacteria and between bacteria and their hosts. Many plant-associated bacteria respond to unknown plant compounds to regulate bacterial gene expression. However, the nature of the plant compounds that mediate such interkingdom communication and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized.

Diverse Begomoviruses Evolutionarily Hijack Plant Terpenoid-Based Defense to Promote Whitefly Performance.

Arthropod-borne pathogens and parasites are major threats to human health and global agriculture. They may directly or indirectly manipulate behaviors of arthropod vector for rapid transmission between hosts. The largest genus of plant viruses, , is transmitted exclusively by whitefly (), a complex of at least 34 morphologically indistinguishable species.

Type III Secretion System Repressor RhpR Induces GrlP, a Glycine-Rich Outer Membrane Lipoprotein with Functions in Regulating the Periplasmic Space and Pleiotropic Responses.

The two-component system RhpRS was initially identified as a regulator of genes encoding the type III secretion system (T3SS) in Pseudomonas syringae. Phosphorylated RhpR (P-RhpR) negatively regulates the T3SS genes by repressing the promoter, but directly activates the expression of a small gene named here as . Here, we show that is expressed higher in rich medium than in minimal medium in pv.

Structure-function analyses of coiled-coil immune receptors define a hydrophobic module for improving plant virus resistance.

Plant immunity relies on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) that detect microbial patterns released by pathogens, and activate localized cell death to prevent the spread of pathogens. Tsw is the only identified resistance (R) gene encoding an NLR, conferring resistance to tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) in pepper species (Capsicum, Solanaceae). However, molecular and cellular mechanisms of Tsw-mediated resistance are still elusive.

Heterosis in root microbiota inhibits growth of soil-borne fungal pathogens in hybrid rice.

In nature, plants are colonized by various microbes that play essential roles in their growth and health. Heterosis is a natural genetic phenomenon whereby first-generation hybrids exhibit superior phenotypic performance relative to their parents. It remains unclear whether this concept can be extended to the "hybridization" of microbiota from two parents in their descendants and what benefits the hybrid microbiota might convey.

Ammonium protects rice against rice stripe virus by activating HDA703/OsBZR1-mediated BR signaling.

Ammonium (NH) is a major inorganic nitrogen source for plants and also as a signal regulates plant growth and defense. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones that control plant developmental and physiological processes through its signaling pathway. Rice is a kind of NH-preferring plant which responds to virus infection involving in the regulation of BR biosynthesis and signaling.

Laodelphax striatellus saliva mucin enables the formation of stylet sheathes to facilitate its feeding and rice stripe virus transmission.

Background: Laodelphax striatellus transmits rice stripe virus (RSV) during sap feeding on the rice plant. The insect saliva proteins have direct and indirect roles in mediating RSV transmission; however, the function of most saliva proteins remains unclear.

Results: In this study, we sequenced L.

A SA-regulated lincRNA promotes Arabidopsis disease resistance by modulating pre-rRNA processing.

Regulation of gene expression at translational level has been shown critical for plant defense against pathogen infection. Pre-rRNA processing is essential for ribosome biosynthesis and thus affects protein translation. It remains unknown if plants modulate pre-rRNA processing as a translation regulatory mechanism for disease resistance.

GrpE is involved in mitochondrial function and is an effective target for RNAi-mediated pest and arbovirus control.

Laodelphax striatellus is a sap-feeding pest and the main insect vector of rice stripe virus (RSV). There is an urgent need to identify molecular targets to control this insect pest and plant arboviruses. In this study, we identified a L.

RIR1 represses plant immunity by interacting with mitochondrial complex I subunit in rice.

We previously observed decreased expression of rice OsmiR159a.1 on infection with the bacterial blight-causing pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and identified the OsLRR_RLK (leucine-rich repeat_ receptor like kinase) gene as an authentic target of OsmiR159a.

Whole genome sequencing of Enterobacter mori, an emerging pathogen of kiwifruit and the potential genetic adaptation to pathogenic lifestyle.

Members of the Enterobacter genus are gram-negative bacteria, which are used as plant growth-promoting bacteria, and increasingly recovered from economic plants as emerging pathogens. A new Enterobacter mori strain, designated CX01, was isolated as an emerging bacterial pathogen of a recent outbreak of kiwifruit canker-like disease in China. The main symptoms associated with this syndrome are bleeding cankers on the trunk and branch, and brown leaf spots.

Two-layered Membrane Sandwich Method for Laodelphax striatellus Saliva Collection.

Rice stripe virus (RSV), which causes significant economic loss of agriculture in East Asia, entirely depends on insect vectors for its effective transmission among host rice. Laodelphax striatellus (small brown planthopper, SBPH) is the primary insect vector that horizontally transmits RSV while sucking sap from the phloem. Saliva plays a significant role in insects' feeding behavior.

Designing specific bacterial 16S primers to sequence and quantitate plant endo-bacteriome.

Plant endophytic bacteria colonize the internal tissues of plants and interact with plants closely. The past two decades have witnessed the increasing application of next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the investigation of bacterial communities. However, deciphering plant endo-bacterial communities by this method is difficult because of the co-amplification of massive plant organellar DNAs with bacterial 16S.

The histone deacetylase HDA703 interacts with OsBZR1 to regulate rice brassinosteroid signaling, growth and heading date through repression of Ghd7 expression.

The plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in plant growth and development. The BR signal transduction pathway from perception to the key transcription factors has been well understood in Arabidopsis thaliana and in rice (Oryza sativa); however, the mechanisms conferring BR-mediated growth and flowering remain largely unknown, especially in rice. In this study, we show that HDA703 is a histone H4K8 and H4K12 deacetylase in rice.

Red-light is an environmental effector for mutualism between begomovirus and its vector whitefly.

Environments such as light condition influence the spread of infectious diseases by affecting insect vector behavior. However, whether and how light affects the host defense which further affects insect preference and performance, remains unclear, nor has been demonstrated how pathogens co-adapt light condition to facilitate vector transmission. We previously showed that begomoviral βC1 inhibits MYC2-mediated jasmonate signaling to establish plant-dependent mutualism with its insect vector.

Plant Defense Networks against Insect-Borne Pathogens.

Upon infection with insect-borne microbial pathogens, plants are exposed to two types of damage simultaneously. Over the past decade, numerous molecular studies have been conducted to understand how plants respond to pathogens or herbivores. However, investigations of host responses typically focus on a single stress and are performed under static laboratory conditions.