Metagenomic analysis unveiled the response of microbial community and antimicrobial resistome in natural water body to duck farm sewage.

Sewages from duck farms are often recognized as a major source of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic bacteria discharged to natural water bodies, but few studies depicted the dynamic changes in resistome and microbial communities in the rivers under immense exposure of sewage discharge. In this study, we investigated the ecological and environmental risks of duck sewages to the rivers that geographically near to the duck farms with short-distance (<1 km) using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that a total of 20 ARG types were identified with abundances ranged from 0.

Acquisition of a novel conjugative multidrug-resistant hypervirulent plasmid leads to hypervirulence in clinical carbapenem-resistant strains.

The co-occurrence of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance and hypervirulence in epidemic carbapenem-resistant has emerged as a global public health issue. In this study, an ST23 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent (CR-HvKP) strain VH1-2 was identified from cucumber in China and harbored a novel hybrid plasmid pVH1-2-VIR. The plasmid pVH1-2-VIR carrying both virulence and multidrug-resistance (MDR) genes was likely generated through the recombination of a virulence plasmid and an IncFIIK conjugative MDR plasmid in clinical ST23 18622 isolated from a sputum sample.

Successful spread of mcr-1-bearing IncX4 plasmids is associated with variant in replication protein of IncX4 plasmids.

IncX4 plasmids are one of the most epidemiologically successful vehicles for mcr-1 spread. Here we found that the IncX4 plasmids carried two different replication proteins encoded by genes pir-1 and pir-2, respectively, but mcr-1 was only carried by IncX4 plasmid encoding pir-1. The copy number of pir-2 encoding plasmids (3.

Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and their pathogen hosts in duck farm environments in south-east coastal China.

Livestock farms are major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that are discharged into the environment. However, the abundance, diversity, and transmission of ARGs in duck farms and its impact on surrounding environments remain to be further explored. Therefore, the characteristics of ARGs and their bacterial hosts from duck farms and surrounding environment were investigated by using metagenomic sequencing.

A Highly Stretchable Force Sensitive and Temperature Sensitive Sensor Material with the Sandwich Structure of PDMS + PDMS/GaInSn + PDMS.

Flexible conductive sensor materials have received great attention for their sensitive electrical response to external conditions and their promising applications in flexible wearable and robotic applications. In this work, a highly stretchable force sensitive and temperature sensitive sensor material with a sandwich structure was prepared from the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the liquid metal (LM) gallium-indium-tin alloy (GaInSn). The sandwich structure (PDMS + PDMS/GaInSn + PDMS) was proven to prevent the "leakage" of LM.

Dynamic human exposure to airborne bacteria-associated antibiotic resistomes revealed by longitudinal personal monitoring data.

Airborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) can critically impact human health. We performed resistome profiling of 283 personal airborne exposure samples from 15 participants spanning 890 days and 66 locations. We found a greater diversity and abundance of airborne bacteria community and antibiotic resistomes in spring than in winter, and temperature contributed largely to the difference.

F18:A-:B1 Plasmids Carrying Are Prevalent among Isolated from Duck-Fish Polyculture Farms.

We determined the prevalence and molecular characteristics of -positive () isolated from duck-fish polyculture farms in Guangzhou, China. A total of 914 strains were isolated from 2008 duck and environmental samples (water, soil and plants) collected from four duck fish polyculture farms between 2017 and 2019. Among them, 196 strains were CTX-M-1G-positive strains by PCR, and 177 (90%) -producing strains were -positive.

Genomic Insights into Global -Positive Escherichia coli Epidemiology and Transmission Characteristics.

In recent years, -positive Escherichia coli has been widely reported in multiple locations with an increasing trend in prevalence, yet few studies have comprehensively analyzed the transmission characteristics and epidemiological patterns of -positive E. coli. Here, we constructed a -positive E.

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli isolated from duck farms and the surrounding environments in coastal China.

The emergence of colistin-resistance is considered a threat to public health and colistin-resistant bacteria have recently been reported in animal, environmental and human sources. Whereas, the epidemic and dissemination of colistin-resistant bacteria in duck farms have not been surveyed, especially the surrounding environmental contamination from duck farms. We investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of mcr-1-positive E.

Prevalence and Persistence of Ceftiofur-Resistant in A Chicken Layer Breeding Program.

We determined the longitudinal persistence of ceftiofur-resistant from a chicken breeding farm in China. A total of 150 samples were collected from 5 breeding periods in a flock of layer hens, and the prevalence of ceftiofur-resistant fluctuated across the 5 chicken breeding stages: eggs, 3.33%; growing period, 100%; early laying period, 36.

Metagenomic insights into the influence of mobile genetic elements on ARGs along typical wastewater treatment system on pig farms in China.

The wastewater treatment processes (WTP) on pig farms are heavily contaminated by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) play an important role in shaping ARG profiles. Here we first employed metagenomic sequencing to follow the diversities and shifts of ARG associated mobile genetic elements (AAMGEs) including insertion sequences (ISs) and plasmids along the WTP for three pig farms in southeast China. The IS average relative abundance rose from the initial pig feces source to the wastewater storage lagoon (WSL) but decreased in the influent and rose in the effluent of the anaerobic digestor (AD).

Transferability of tigecycline resistance: Characterization of the expanding Tet(X) family.

Tetracycline and its derivative tigecycline are clinical options against Gram-negative bacterial infections. The emergence of mobile Tet(X) enzymes that destruct tetracycline-type antibiotics is posing a big challenge to antibacterial therapy and food/environmental securities. Here, we present an update on a growing number of Tet(X) variants.

Occurrence and Transmission of -Carrying from Geese and the Surrounding Environment on a Commercial Goose Farm.

We investigated the prevalence and transmission of NDM-producing in fecal samples of geese and environmental samples from a goose farm in southern China. The samples were cultivated on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with meropenem. Individual colonies were examined for , and -positive bacteria were characterized based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platforms.

AI-Blue-Carba: A Rapid and Improved Carbapenemase Producer Detection Assay Using Blue-Carba With Deep Learning.

A rapid and accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (CPGNB) has an immediate demand in the clinic. Here, we developed and validated a method for rapid detection of CPGNB using Blue-Carba combined with deep learning (designated as AI-Blue-Carba). The optimum bacterial suspension concentration and detection wavelength were determined using a Multimode Plate Reader and integrated with deep learning modeling.

Distribution patterns of antibiotic resistance genes and their bacterial hosts in pig farm wastewater treatment systems and soil fertilized with pig manure.

Vast reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) are discharged into the environment via pig manure. We used metagenomic analysis to follow the distribution and shifts of ARGs and their bacterial hosts along wastewater treatment in three large pig farms. The predominating ARGs potentially encoded resistance to tetracycline (28.

Global distribution, dissemination and overexpression of potent multidrug efflux pump RE-CmeABC in Campylobacter jejuni.

Objectives: To investigate the global distribution, dissemination and overexpression of RE-CmeABC in Campylobacter jejuni.

Methods: WGS information for 433 RE-cmeABC-positive C. jejuni isolates (including 18 isolates sequenced in this study and 415 isolates from GenBank) was used for the generation of minimum-spanning trees with STs.

Molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from duck farms in south-east coastal China.

Objectives: To determine the dissemination and molecular characteristics of NDM-producing Escherichia coli strains from duck farms in south-east coastal China and their threats to human health.

Methods: A total of 232 NDM-producing E. coli were recovered from 1505 samples collected from 25 duck farms and their surrounding environments in five provinces in China.

Diversity of L1/L2 genes and molecular epidemiology of high-level carbapenem resistance Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from animal production environment in China.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as a significant cause of human and animal disease worldwide. A total of 3400 samples were collected from animal farms and adjacent environments in China. The bla and bla genes were identified using whole genome sequence analyses and examined by phylogenetics.

Environmental remodeling of human gut microbiota and antibiotic resistome in livestock farms.

Anthropogenic environments have been implicated in enrichment and exchange of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria. Here we study the impact of confined and controlled swine farm environments on temporal changes in the gut microbiome and resistome of veterinary students with occupational exposure for 3 months. By analyzing 16S rRNA and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing data in tandem with culture-based methods, we show that farm exposure shapes the gut microbiome of students, resulting in enrichment of potentially pathogenic taxa and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Within-host heterogeneity and flexibility of mcr-1 transmission in chicken gut.

Objectives: To characterize the colistin-resistant bacterial population in the gut and assess diversity of mcr-1 transmission within a single individual.

Methods: Large numbers of isolates (>100 colonies/chicken cecum sample) were collected from nine randomly selected mcr-1-positive chickens in China and used for comprehensive microbiological, molecular and comparative genomics analyses.

Results: Of 1273 colonies, 968 were mcr-1 positive (962 Escherichia coli, two Escherichia fergusonii, two Klebsiella pneumoniae and two Klebsiella quasipneumoniae).