Femtosecond Laser Opening Hierarchical Lamination: Micro-Nano Hybrid Scissoring of Three-Dimensional Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Solar Steam Generation.

Three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous nitrogen-doped graphene is an ideal candidate for solar steam generation. However, the outermost dense layer formed during high-temperature thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) severely blocks water transport and steam escape. In this work, a technique of femtosecond laser opening hierarchical lamination (FLOHL) enabling hierarchical micro-nano hybrid scissoring of graphene is presented for its structural and performance upgrades.