Association between the Maternal Gut Microbiome and Macrosomia.

Fetal macrosomia is defined as a birthweight ≥4000 g and causes harm to pregnant women and fetuses. Studies reported that the maternal intestinal microbiome plays a key role in the establishment, growth, and development of the fetal intestinal microbiome. However, whether there is a relationship between maternal gut microbiota and macrosomia remains unclear.

Impact of PD-L1 Gene Polymorphisms and Interactions with Cooking with Solid Fuel Exposure on Tuberculosis.

Introduction: Given that PD-L1 is a crucial immune checkpoint in regulating T-cell responses, the aim of this study was to explore the impact of PD-L1 gene polymorphisms and the interaction with cooking with solid fuel on susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in Chinese Han populations.

Methods: A total of 503 TB patients and 494 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Mass spectrometry technology was applied to genotype rs2297136 and rs4143815 of PD-L1 genes.

Polymorphisms in genes and gene‑smoking interaction are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis.

Background: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) are involved in the clearance of (MTB) by macrophages.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of polymorphisms in the genes and the gene-smoking interaction on susceptibility to TB.

Methods: This case-control study used stratified sampling to randomly select 503 TB patients and 494 control subjects.

Serum microcystin-LR levels and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A Chinese nested case-control study.

Background: Previous experimental studies have reported an association between microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and glucose homeostasis, but whether exposure to MC-LR is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires further epidemiological study. This study aims to explore the effects of MC-LR on GDM.

Methods: A prospective nested case-control study was performed in the Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (HPMCHH) in South China.

The association of iron status, supplement iron in the first-trimester pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study.

Aims: The objective of this study was to examine whether the level of iron and iron supplements in the first-trimester pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This was a nested case-control study using data from an established cohort in the Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (HPMCHH) in South China. A total of 119 patients with GDM and 238 controls were enrolled in the study.

The Association between Gut Microbiome and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: A Nested Case-Control Study.

(1) Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with obvious microbiota dysbiosis in the third trimester of pregnancy. However, the mechanisms behind these changes remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the gut microbiome in early pregnancy and PIH occurrence.

AST-to-ALT ratio in the first trimester and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine transaminase ratio (AST/ALT) has been reported affect the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but it is uncertain if it has relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the association between AST/ALT ratio in the first trimester and the risk of subsequent development of GDM.

Method: This prospective cohort study enrolling 870 pregnant women, 204 pregnant women with missing data or liver diseases were excluded, 666 pregnant women were included in this study containing 94 GDM women.

Study on the relationship between DNA methylation of target CpG sites in peripheral blood and gestational diabetes during early pregnancy.

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling have been used to find maternal CpG sites related to the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, none of these differential sites found has been verified in a larger sample. Here, our aim was to evaluate whether first trimester changes in target CpG sites in the peripheral blood of pregnancy women predict subsequent development of GDM.