Effects of smart city construction on employment: mechanism and evidence from China.

Based on the first batch of smart city pilots in China, this paper systematically investigates the impact of smart city construction on urban employment and employment structure, and its influence mechanism and urban heterogeneity are explored using the difference-in-differences (DID) model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Smart city construction significantly promotes urban employment, especially employment in the secondary and tertiary industries. (2) Digital technology development and public services are important mechanisms for smart city construction to improve urban employment.

Fast anther dehiscence status recognition system established by deep learning to screen heat tolerant cotton.

Background: From an economic perspective, cotton is one of the most important crops in the world. The fertility of male reproductive organs is a key determinant of cotton yield. Anther dehiscence or indehiscence directly determines the probability of fertilization in cotton.

Rapid Identification of Pollen- and Anther-Specific Genes in Response to High-Temperature Stress Based on Transcriptome Profiling Analysis in Cotton.

Anther indehiscence and pollen sterility caused by high temperature (HT) stress have become a major problem that decreases the yield of cotton. Pollen- and anther-specific genes play a critical role in the process of male reproduction and the response to HT stress. In order to identify pollen-specific genes that respond to HT stress, a comparative transcriptome profiling analysis was performed in the pollen and anthers of HT-sensitive Line H05 against other tissue types under normal temperature (NT) conditions, and the analysis of a differentially expressed gene was conducted in the pollen of H05 under NT and HT conditions.

Degradation of de-esterified pctin/homogalacturonan by the polygalacturonase GhNSP is necessary for pollen exine formation and male fertility in cotton.

The pollen wall exine provides a protective layer for the male gametophyte and is largely composed of sporopollenin, which comprises fatty acid derivatives and phenolics. However, the biochemical nature of the external exine is poorly understood. Here, we show that the male sterile line 1355A of cotton mutated in NO SPINE POLLEN (GhNSP) leads to defective exine formation.