Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical condition marked by rapid-onset respiratory failure due to extensive inflammation and increased pulmonary vascular permeability, often progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. Autophagy, a cellular degradation process essential for removing damaged organelles and proteins, plays a crucial role in regulating lung injury and repair. This review examines the protective role of autophagy in maintaining cellular function and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in ALI.

Simultaneous production of CO and HO by paired electrolysis coupling CO reduction and water oxidation.

Here, a novel paired electrolysis system is constructed, where fluorine-doped tin oxide glass serves as the anode for the water oxidation reaction to produce hydrogen peroxide (HO), and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)/carbon nanotube (CNT) loaded carbon paper as the cathode for CO reduction to generate CO. This system demonstrates a high overall energy efficiency of 34%, where a faradaic efficiency exceeding 90% for CO reduction and 60% for water oxidation to HO have been achieved, demonstrating significant energy savings of nearly 40% compared to the respective half-reaction systems.

Review on the Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Septic Encephalopathy.

Septic Encephalopathy (SE) is a frequent and severe complication of sepsis, characterized by a range of neurocognitive impairments from mild confusion to deep coma. The underlying pathophysiology of SE involves systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Among these factors, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role, contributing to impaired ATP production, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and activation of apoptotic pathways, all of which exacerbate neuronal damage and cognitive deficits.

Fortunellin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury, inflammation, and collagen deposition by restraining the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Objective: Acute lung injury (ALI) is the prevalent respiratory disease of acute inflammation with high morbidity and mortality. Fortunellin has anti-inflammation property, but its role in ALI remains elusive. Thus, this study clarified the function of fortunellin on ALI pathogenesis.

Songorine ameliorates LPS-induced sepsis cardiomyopathy by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-mediated mitochondrial biosynthesis.

Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is manifested by impairment of cardiac contractile function with myocardial mitochondrial dysregulation. Natural product, songorine (SGR), a diterpenoid alkaloid derived from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli, has been reported for the treatment of heart failure. Here, the protective role of SGR in heart injury of SCM was investigated and its underlying action of mechanism was explored.

The effects of chalazion and the excision surgery on the ocular surface.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of chalazion excision on the ocular surface, taking into account the subjective symptoms and the objective parameters of the tear film.

Methods: This prospective, interventional clinical study included 52 eyes from 26 patients with eyelid chalazion who underwent excision of the lesions between March and August 2022. Chalazion excision was performed on the patient's chalazion eye, and the contralateral eye served as the control.

Sivelestat sodium alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by improving endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common inflammatory respiratory disorder characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor Sivelestat sodium (SIV) in improving endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) while treating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. An ALI model was established using LPS induction.

Penehyclidine hydrochloride protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by promoting the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) attracted attention among physicians because of its high mortality. We aimed to determine whether the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway is involved in the protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI.

Methods: H&E staining was used to observed pathological changes in the lung tissues.

Salidroside alleviates oxidative stress in dry eye disease by activating autophagy through AMPK-Sirt1 pathway.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Recently, multiple studies have shown that upregulation of autophagy can protect the cornea from oxidative stress damage. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of salidroside, the main component of Rhodiola crenulata, in both in vivo and in vitro dry eye models.

Visible light driven reform of wasted plastics to generate green hydrogen over mesoporous ZnInS.

As the global consumption of plastics keeps increasing, the accumulated plastics in the natural environment have threatened the survival of human beings. Photoreforming, as a simple and low-energy way, could transform wasted plastic into fuel and small organic chemicals at ambient temperature. However, the previously reported photocatalysts have some drawbacks, such as low efficiency, containing precious or toxic metal.

Evaluation of corneal dendritic cell density and subbasal nerve density in contact lens wearers using IVCM: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the subclinical changes in corneal dendritic cell density (CDCD) and corneal subbasal nerve density (CSND) in asymptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers.

Methods: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for trials and studies reporting the changes of corneal CDCD and CSND in contact lens wearers published until 25 June 2022. PRISMA guidelines as well as recommended meta-analysis practices were followed.

Konjac glucomannan defends against high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits by promoting the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular disease and cerebral infarction, which seriously endanger human health. This study aimed to investigate konjac glucomannan (KGM) defends against high-fat diet-induced AS in rabbits by promoting the PI3K/Akt pathway. KGM administration reduced the degree of AS indicated by reducing the plaques and foam cells, the tunica intima thickness, and the tunica intima/tunica media thickness ratio in the aorta, and enlarging the lumen of the aorta.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Cell Functions in Dry Eye Disease.

We explored the therapeutic efficacy of Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) and its inhibition of the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in dry eye disease (DED). MSC-EVs were isolated from the culture supernatants of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and characterized. In vitro, human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium to simulate the DED hyperosmotic environment and treated with MSC-EVs.

PKHB1 peptide induces antiviral effects through induction of immunogenic cell death in herpes simplex keratitis.

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a severe, infectious corneal disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The increasing prevalence of acyclovir resistance, the side effects of hormonal drugs, and the ease of recurrence after surgery have made it crucial to develop new methods of treating HSK. HSV-1 evades the host immune response through various mechanisms.

Nectin-1 and Non-muscle Myosin Heavy Chain-IIB: Major Mediators of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Entry Into Corneal Nerves.

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) invades corneal nerves upon its infection of the cornea and then establishes latency in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). The latent virus in TG is often reactivated and travels back to the cornea, causing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). The entry of HSV-1 into the corneal nerve is considered the initial step of infection resulting in HSV-1 latency and HSK recurrence.

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Protects Patients with Sepsis-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation by Improving Endothelial Function.

The mortality rate of sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is high. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in sepsis-associated DIC patients by improving endothelial function. A total of 112 sepsis-associated DIC patients were randomly divided into the TPE group (n = 40), the heparin (HP) group (n = 36), and the SHAM group (n = 36).

The antihypertensive effect of irbesartan in spontaneously hypertensive rats is associated with improvement of the leptin-adiponectin imbalance.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the antihypertensive effect of irbesartan (IRB) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was achieved through improvement of insulin resistance and adjustment of the LPN-APN imbalance.

Methods: SHR rats were divided into SHAM, SHR-A and SHR-I group(8 per group). Homologous Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as control group (WKY).