Nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice of low-flow oxygen therapy and humidification.

Objective: Nurses are key in administering oxygen therapy and managing its potential adverse effects in medical settings. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding low-flow oxygen therapy and humidification among nurses.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to March 2024 at Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital.

Load-Balancing Routing for LEO Satellite Network with Distributed Hops-Based Back-Pressure Strategy.

With the expansion of user scale in LEO satellite networks, unbalanced regional load and bursty network traffic lead to the problem of load disequilibrium. A distributed hops-based back-pressure (DHBP) routing is proposed. DHBP theoretically derives a fast solution for the minimum end-to-end propagation hops between satellite nodes in inclined-orbit LEO satellite networks; hence, link weights are determined based on remaining hops between the next hop and destination satellites.

Angiotensin-(1-7) alleviates acute lung injury by activating the Mas receptor in neutrophil.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the clinic. None of the current pharmacological interventions has achieved a detectable benefit. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a complex humoral system essentially involved in the regulation of ALI.

Empyema caused by diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) after pulmonary surgery: A case report.

Background: Empyema is one of the complications of pulmonary surgery for lung cancer, the incidence of which is not very high, but in severe cases, it can even lead to death, and it is always difficult to diagnose the cause by conventional methods.

Case Presentation: In this study, we report a clinical case of empyema caused by after pulmonary surgery in a 55-year-old man. He had a fever, cough, and expectoration for 3 days and was diagnosed with right hydropneumothorax and empyema, pneumonia, postoperative malignant tumor of the right lower lobe (adenocarcinoma), and hypertension.

Possible involvement of the Hedgehog and PDPK1-Akt pathways in the growth and migration of small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% to 20% of all lung cancers, and it is the leading cause of tumor-related deaths globally. This study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of SCLC.

Methods: The correlations of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1), p-Akt, and Hedgehog expression with patient characteristics were analyzed using SCLC specimens, and their expression was measured in BEAS-2B cells (control) and the SCLC cell lines H82, H69, H446, H146, and H526.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards pulmonary rehabilitation among COPD patients: A multicenter and cross-sectional survey in China.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been recognized to be an evidence-based treatment recommended for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to investigate COPD patients' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards PR in China.

Methods: 1138 COPD patients from 13 hospitals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.

Assessing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients presenting with symptoms in Shanghai, China: a multicentre, observational cohort study.

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to international concern. We aimed to establish an effective screening strategy in Shanghai, China, to aid early identification of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We did a multicentre, observational cohort study in fever clinics of 25 hospitals in 16 districts of Shanghai.

Phase unwrapping method based on improved quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimization.

Maximum a posteriori estimation of Markov random fields (MRFs) is a popular research area in computer vision, and many algorithms have been proposed to deal with these types of problems. The phase-unwrapping problem is modeled as the optimization of MRFs in this research, and the binary algorithm, improved quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimization, is utilized to solve the phase-unwrapping problem. Both the interferometric phases generated from the commonly used computer simulated surfaces and also real terrains are researched in the experimental section, and the unwrapping results are compared.

Tiotropium in Early-Stage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Patients with mild or moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rarely receive medications, because they have few symptoms. We hypothesized that long-term use of tiotropium would improve lung function and ameliorate the decline in lung function in patients with mild or moderate COPD.

Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that was conducted in China, we randomly assigned 841 patients with COPD of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 1 (mild) or 2 (moderate) severity to receive a once-daily inhaled dose (18 μg) of tiotropium (419 patients) or matching placebo (422) for 2 years.

1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Induces Neutrophil Apoptosis through the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients.

Background: Reduced neutrophil apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in neutrophil apoptosis. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25VitD3) can induce tumor cell apoptosis.

The immunoprotective activity of baicalin in mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis.

The purpose of the study was to probe the therapeutic effect of baicalin on immunosuppression in the mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Mouse model was established by employing the procedure of CLP. The proliferation of T lymphocytes was measured using CFDA-SE staining and MTT method, and the proliferation index was determined to assess the proliferation status of the outer peripheral and mesenteric cells of the lymph node in various treatment groups.

Lysyl oxidase promotes bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through modulating inflammation.

Enzymes involved in collagen biosynthesis, including lysyl oxidase (LOX), have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. LOX expression is significantly upregulated in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis, and knockdown of LOX expression or inhibition of LOX activity alleviates the lung fibrosis. Unexpectedly, treatment of the mice with LOX inhibitor at the inflammatory stage, but not the fibrogenic stage, efficiently reduces collagen deposition and normalizes lung architecture.

Thiamine deficiency promotes T cell infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: the involvement of CCL2.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial disease that results from the interplay between environmental factors and a susceptible genetic background. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis. Chemokines, such as CCL2, are involved in the development of EAE.

Quantitative assessment of the influence of common variations (rs8034191 and rs1051730) at 15q25 and lung cancer risk.

Several genome-wide association studies on lung cancer (LC) have reported similar findings of a new susceptibility locus, 15q25. After that, a number of studies reported that rs8034191 and rs1051730 polymorphisms at chromosome 15q25 have been implicated in LC risk. However, studies have yielded contradictory results.