Aluminium in food and daily dietary intake assessment from 15 food groups in Zhejiang Province, China.

Aluminium was measured in 2580 samples of 15 food groups and dietary exposure was estimated. Samples were purchased and analysed during 2010 to 2014. High aluminium levels were found in jellyfish (mean 4862 mg/kg), laver (mean 455.

ENSO Modulations due to Interannual Variability of Freshwater Forcing and Ocean Biology-induced Heating in the Tropical Pacific.

Recent studies have identified clear climate feedbacks associated with interannual variations in freshwater forcing (FWF) and ocean biology-induced heating (OBH) in the tropical Pacific. The interrelationships among the related anomaly fields are analyzed using hybrid coupled model (HCM) simulations to illustrate their combined roles in modulating the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The HCM-based supporting experiments are performed to isolate the related feedbacks, with interannually varying FWF and OBH being represented individually or collectively, which allows their effects to be examined in a clear way.

Down-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57 is mediated by Jab1/Csn5 in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Unlabelled: Down-regulation of p57 (KIP2) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors accelerates the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting that p57 may play an important role in liver carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism or oncogenic signal leading to p57 down-regulation in HCC remains to be determined. Herein, we demonstrated that Jab1/Csn5 expression is negatively correlated with p57 levels in HCC tissues.

[Icariin Promoted Osteogenic Differentiation of SD Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: an Experimental Study].

Objective: To observe features of Icariin in promoting osteogenic differentiation of SD rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro.

Methods: (1) SD rats' BMSCs were isolated and purified by mechanically isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow adherent method. Effects of various concentrations Icariin on serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected using amino antipyrine phenol determination method at day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21.

The ns12.9 Accessory Protein of Human Coronavirus OC43 Is a Viroporin Involved in Virion Morphogenesis and Pathogenesis.

Unlabelled: An accessory gene between the S and E gene loci is contained in all coronaviruses (CoVs), and its function has been studied in some coronaviruses. This gene locus in human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) encodes the ns12.9 accessory protein; however, its function during viral infection remains unknown.

A comparison study on the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among city, township and rural area adults in China.

Objectives: To explore the association of dietary behaviour factors on obesity among city, township and rural area adults.

Setting: A stratified cluster sampling technique was employed in the present cross-sectional study. On the basis of socioeconomic characteristics, two cities, two townships and two residential villages were randomly selected where the investigation was conducted.

Quercetin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in the osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay were used to determine the effects of quercetin (concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 µmol/l) on the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs and the expression of ALP, respectively.

Survey of iodine nutritional status in 2011, Zhejiang, China.

Background: Universal salt iodization (USI) was introduced in China in 1995, but whether the iodine status is optimal is questionable. This study was conducted to assess the iodine nutrition among Zhejiang population in coastal regions in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey for iodine nutritional status was conducted with general population (n=10,350), including pregnant and lactating women (n=450 each) selected by stratified multistage sampling.

The Difference in Nutrient Intakes between Chinese and Mediterranean, Japanese and American Diets.

Across countries, the predominant diets are clearly different and highly related with human health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate dietary nutrients between them. This study aimed to evaluate dietary nutrients in China and compare those between Chinese and Mediterranean (Italian), Japanese and American diets.

Eosin Y-catalyzed visible-light-mediated aerobic oxidative cyclization of N,N-dimethylanilines with maleimides.

A novel and simple strategy for the efficient synthesis of the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines from N,N-dimethylanilines and maleimides using visible light in an air atmosphere in the presence of Eosin Y as a photocatalyst has been developed. The metal-free protocol involves aerobic oxidative cyclization via sp(3) C-H bond functionalization process to afford good yields in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions.

Are there differences between Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats in long-term effects of ovariectomy as a model for postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar rats are widely used as animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate differences in the long-term effects of ovariectomy on these two breeds of rats. 6-month-old SD and Wistar rats underwent sham operation (Ssham and Wsham) or bilateral ovariectomy (Sovx and Wovx).

(3 + 1)-Dimensional commensurately modulated structure and photoluminescence properties of diborate KSbOB₂O₅.

Single-crystal diborate KSbOB2O5 has been prepared under a high temperature molten-salt method and its structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The diffraction pattern shows strong main reflections and weak satellite reflections, clearly indicating a modulated structure. Using the four-dimensional superspace formalism for aperiodic structures, its reflections could be indexed as orthorhombic superspace group Pmn2₁(0β0)s00 with the modulation vector q = 5/12b*, and then the structure solution and refinement reached a final commensurately modulated model that was refined extremely well and did not show any unusual features.

Rab17 inhibits the tumourigenic properties of hepatocellular carcinomas via the Erk pathway.

The small GTPase Rab17 is a member of the Rab family and plays a critical role in the regulation of membrane trafficking polarized eukaryotic cells. However, the role of Rab17 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the role of Rab17 in HCC tumourgenesis.

Pathway crosstalk analysis of non-small cell lung cancer based on microarray gene expression profiling.

Aims And Background: Lung cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in the lung tissue. A major challenge in cancer research is the biological interpretation of the complexity of cancer somatic mutation profiles. This study examines the role of pathway crosstalk in the metastatic process of lung cancer cells based on DNA microarray analysis.

Effect of continuous cropping generations on each component biomass of poplar seedlings during different growth periods.

In order to investigate the change rules and response characteristics of growth status on each component of poplar seedling followed by continuous cropping generations and growth period, we clear the biomass distribution pattern of poplar seedling, adapt continuous cropping, and provide theoretical foundation and technical reference on cultivation management of poplar seedling, the first generation, second generation, and third generation continuous cropping poplar seedlings were taken as study objects, and the whole poplar seedling was harvested to measure and analyze the change of each component biomass on different growth period poplar leaves, newly emerging branches, trunks and root system, and so forth. The results showed that the whole biomass of poplar seedling decreased significantly with the leaf area and its ratio increased, and the growth was inhibited obviously. The biomass aboveground was more than that underground.

Salinity anomaly as a trigger for ENSO events.

According to the classical theories of ENSO, subsurface anomalies in ocean thermal structure are precursors for ENSO events and their initial specification is essential for skillful ENSO forecast. Although ocean salinity in the tropical Pacific (particularly in the western Pacific warm pool) can vary in response to El Niño events, its effect on ENSO evolution and forecasts of ENSO has been less explored. Here we present evidence that, in addition to the passive response, salinity variability may also play an active role in ENSO evolution, and thus important in forecasting El Niño events.

[A comparison of applicative effect with different diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome among the urban adult population].

Objective: To compare the applicative effect of four diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome (MS) among the urban adult population of Zhejiang Province.

Methods: According to multi-stage stratified and proportional to size, cluster, random sampling principle, 3 417 adults population at urban areas were extracted by random number method from 320 families of Shangcheng and Jianggan community in Hangzhou,Jiangdong community in Ningbo and Wucheng community in Jinhua in 2009 and 2010 respectively, which excluded pregnant, wet nurse, children, and those who were at least 18 years of age. Height, weight, waist, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FBG) , 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2h-PBG), TG and HDL-C of all the subjects were measured by standard method.

[A cohort study on the impacts of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain on neonate birth status and perinatal outcomes in Fujian province].

Objective: To study the impacts of pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: We adopted a prospective cohort study with cluster sampling in single pregnant women, who were not with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia or other diseases in the previous history, neither did they have diseases of heart, liver, kidney, thyroid etc. related to current pregnancy.

[Dietary protein intake status of urban residents in Zhejiang province].

Objective: To analysis the status of dietary protein intake of urban residents in Zhejiang Province.

Methods: Dietary nutrients intake was estimated using the method of 3 day 24-hour dietary recall and food weighted record, 3452 residents who above 2-year-older were recruited in 2009 - 2011, and calculating the daily intake of food, protein and amino acid, analyzing the protein intake combined with demographic information.

Results: 3240 residents were included in this analysis, the residents with protein intake lower than 80% of the RNI accounted for 34.

[Study on the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among urban residents in Zhejiang province].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in urban residents in Zhejiang Province.

Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional survey based on the data from "China National Nutrition and Health Status Monitoring". Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns based on the frequency of food and unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between MS including its components and dietary patterns.

Genistein as antiviral drug against HIV ion channel.

Various drugs found in Chinese herbs are well known for their antiviral potency. We have tested several flavonoids with respect to their potency to block the viral protein U of the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus, which is believed to form a cation-permeable ion channel in the infected cell. We used Xenopus oocytes with heterologously expressed viral protein U as model system to test the efficacy of the drugs in voltage-clamp experiments.

Transition-metal-free oxidative carboazidation of acrylamides via cascade C-N and C-C bond-forming reactions.

A novel transition-metal-free oxidative carboazidation of acrylamides using inexpensive NaN3 and K2S2O8 was achieved, which not only provided an efficient method to prepare various N3-substituted oxindoles, but also represented a novel strategy for C-N and C-C bond formation via a free-radical cascade process. This transformation exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, affording the desired oxindoles in good to excellent yields.

[Effects of drynariae rhizoma water-extraction on the ability of osteogenic differentiation and it's mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Drynariae Rhizoma water-extraction on the ability of osteogenic differentiation and the expression of TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 in inducing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation into osteoblast and its mechanism.

Methods: MSCs were isolated and purified by differential time adherent method; The most effective concentration of the Drynariae Rhizoma water-extraction on the proliferation and ostogenic differentiation of MSCs was confirmed by MTT method and the activity and positive staining of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) respectively; According to different induced condition, MSCs were divided into 4 groups: control group, classic group (induced by the classic osteoblast-induced system), Drynariae Rhizoma water-extraction group (induced by the most effective concentration of Drynariae Rhizoma water-extraction on differentiation into osteoblast) and Drynariae Rhizoma water-extraction + classic group (induced by the combination of classic osteoblast-induced system and the most effective concentration of Drynariae Rhizoma water-extraction on differentiation into osteoblast). ALP,type I collagen (Col I), bone gla protein (BGP) and calcium nodes in each group were detected and compared to indicate the osteogenic differentiation of each group.

[Study on level of dietary iodine intake and its contribution rate of residents in Zhejiang].

Objective: To assess the level of dietary iodine intake and its contribution in Zhejiang.

Methods: A total of 9798 subjects were recruited in this survey with multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method in April, 2010, the 24-hours dietary recall method and the "food composition table" were used to obtain the dietary iodine intake, and edible salt and drinking water samples were collected to detect the content of iodine.

Results: A total of 9798 subjects were included in this survey.

[Simulation of water and carbon fluxes in harvard forest area based on data assimilation method].

Model simulation and in situ observation are the two most important means in studying the water and carbon cycles of terrestrial ecosystems, but have their own advantages and shortcomings. To combine these two means would help to reflect the dynamic changes of ecosystem water and carbon fluxes more accurately. Data assimilation provides an effective way to integrate the model simulation and in situ observation.