Macrophage Evolution during Progression of Hepatitis virus B Related Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure.

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure, seriously threaten human lives and health worldwide. Innate and adaptive immune cells are all thought to participate in HBV-related diseases. However, there is a lack of information on the comprehensive landscape of the immune microenvironment.

Kidney transplantation and gut microbiota.

Kidney transplantation is an effective way to improve the condition of patients with end-stage renal disease. However, maintaining long-term graft function and improving patient survival remain a key challenge after kidney transplantation. Dysbiosis of intestinal flora has been reported to be associated with complications in renal transplant recipients.

Value of original and modified pathological scoring systems for prognostic prediction in paraffin-embedded donor kidney core biopsy.

Background: No study has validated, compared and adapted scoring systems for prognosis prediction based on donor kidney core biopsy (CB), with less glomeruli than wedge biopsy.

Methods: A total of 185 donor kidney CB specimens were reviewed using seven scoring systems. The association between the total score, item scores, score-based grading, and allograft prognosis was investigated.

Inhibition of DAI refrains dendritic cells from maturation and prolongs murine islet and skin allograft survival.

Introduction: Central to allograft rejection is the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response initiated by activated dendritic cells (DCs). Previous studies have shown that the DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors (DAI) is involved in the maturation and activation of DCs. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of DAI could prevent DCs from maturation and prolong murine allograft survival.

Dysregulation of innate cell types in the hepatic immune microenvironment of alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Introduction: The risk of alcoholic cirrhosis increases in a dose- and time-dependent manner with alcohol consumption and ethanol metabolism in the liver. Currently, no effective antifibrotic therapies are available. We aimed to obtain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis.

Nestin Mesenchymal Precursors Generate Distinct Spleen Stromal Cell Subsets and Have Immunomodulatory Function.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to be widespread in many tissues and possess a broad spectrum of immunoregulatory properties. They have been used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases; however, the therapeutic effects are still inconsistent owing to their heterogeneity. Spleen stromal cells have evolved to regulate the immune response at many levels as they are bathed in a complex inflammatory milieu during infection.

Combining Clinical Parameters and Acute Tubular Injury Grading Is Superior in Predicting the Prognosis of Deceased-Donor Kidney Transplantation: A 7-Year Observational Study.

Background: We developed a pragmatic dichotomous grading criterion to stratify the acute tubular injury (ATI) of deceased-donor kidneys. We intended to verify the predictive value of this criterion for the prognosis of deceased-donor kidney transplantation.

Methods: The allografts with ATI were classified into severe and mild groups.

Small-For-Size Syndrome and Graft Inflow Modulation Techniques in Liver Transplantation.

Background: Partial liver transplantation has recently been proposed to alleviate organ shortages. However, transplantation of a small-for-size graft is associated with an increased risk of posttransplant hepatic dysfunction, commonly referred to as small-for-size syndrome (SFSS). This review describes the etiology, pathological features, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic criteria of SFSS.

Dynamics of Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA at the Early Phase After Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) has been suggested as an indicator of allograft injury in adult and pediatric kidney transplantation (KTx). However, the dynamics of ddcfDNA in pediatric KTx have not been investigated. In addition, it has not been demonstrated whether donor-recipient (D/R) size mismatch affect ddcfDNA level.

Donor HLA genotyping of ex vivo expanded urine cells from kidney transplant recipients.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) induced by donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) remains a major cause of long-term graft loss after kidney transplantation. Currently, the presence of DSA cannot always be determined at a specific allele level, because existing donor HLA typing is low resolution and often incomplete, lacking HLA-DP, and occasionally HLA-C and HLA-DQ information and historical donor DNA samples are not available for HLA retyping. Here we present a novel, non-invasive technique for obtaining donor DNA from selectively expanded donor cells from urine of renal transplant recipients.

Successful single kidney transplantation from pediatric donors less than or equal to 10 kg to adult recipient: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Kidneys from very small pediatric donors (≤10 kg) are underutilized. Compared to en bloc kidney transplantation (EBKT), single kidney transplantation (SKT) can maximize donor resources. However, it remains unknown whether it's appropriate to perform SKTs from donors weighing ≤10 kg.

Efficacy and Safety of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation- A Single-Arm, Two-Dosing-Regimen, Phase I/II Study.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (cABMR) in the kidney allograft.

Methods: Kidney recipients with biopsy-proven cABMR were treated with allogeneic third-party BM-MSCs in this open-label, single-arm, single-center, two-dosing-regimen phase I/II clinical trial. In Regimen 1 (n=8), BM-MSCs were administered intravenously at a dose of 1.

An autofluorescence-based isolation of Leydig cells for testosterone deficiency treatment.

Effective procedures for the purification of Leydig cells (LCs) can facilitate functional studies and transplantation therapies. However, current methods to purify LCs from testes are still far from satisfactory. Here, we found that testicular autofluorescence existed in the interstitium along with the gradual maturation of LCs from birth to adulthood.

Inhibition of NLRC5 regulates cytokine expression in CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and prolongs murine islet and skin allograft survival.

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of inhibiting NLRC5 expression and function on CD4 + T cells, and islet and skin transplantation in mice. A murine skin graft model and islet cell transplantation model were established, and the expression of NLRC5 was compared in rejection and immune tolerance groups. Mice spleen-derived CD4 + T cells were cultured, purified, and enriched in vitro, and transfected with the shRNA lentiviral vector NLRC5-RNAi-GFP.

Development of a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma using genes involved in aerobic respiration.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Currently, recent risk stratification has only focused on liver function and tumor characteristics. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a prognostic model based on genes involved in aerobic respiration.

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Is a Prognostic Predictor in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Undergoing Liver Transplantation.

Background: It was reported that systemic immune inflammation index (SII) was related to poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. We aimed to investigate the ability of the prognostic predictors of SII in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) undergoing liver transplantation (LT).

Methods: The 28 iCCA patients who underwent LT at our hospital between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed.

Inhibition of Dectin-1 on Dendritic Cells Prevents Maturation and Prolongs Murine Islet Allograft Survival.

Introduction: The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate an immune response or induce immune tolerance depends on their maturation status. Dendritic-cell-associated C-type lectin 1 (Dectin-1) plays a key role in the differentiation, activation, and maturation of DCs. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of Dectin-1 could prevent DC maturation and induce immune tolerance of transplanted organs.

A model for predicting post-liver transplantation recurrence in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma recipients.

Background: It is important to select appropriate patients for improving the outcomes of liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The objective of this study was to establish a predictive model for the recurrence of iCCA after liver transplantation.

Methods: Twenty-one patients who received liver transplantation for iCCA were used to construct a model for predicting recurrence.

Comparison of 2-D Shear Wave Elastography and Point Shear Wave Elastography for Assessing Liver Fibrosis.

Progressive liver fibrosis may result in cirrhosis, portal hypertension and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. We performed a meta-analysis to compare liver fibrosis staging in chronic liver disease patients using 2-D shear wave elastography (2-D SWE) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE). The PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched until May 31, 2020 for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of 2-D SWE and pSWE in assessing liver fibrosis.

Optimal timing of initiating CRRT in patients with acute kidney injury after liver transplantation.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after liver transplantation (LT), and is associated with high mortality. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important treatment for AKI, but the optimal time for initiation is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of initial CRRT treatment time.

TMEM205 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor and Is Associated With Immune Cell Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide despite the availability of diverse treatment strategies. Much research progress has been made regarding immunotherapy but the effects remain unsatisfactory, highlighting the urgent need for novel immune-related therapy targets. In recent years, more and more studies have pointed out the associations between certain transmembrane (TMEM) family proteins and tumor progression, but the role of TMEM205 remains unclear.

Detection of Proximal Tubule Involvement by BK Polyomavirus in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Urinary Sediment Double-Immunostaining.

Background: The extent and depth of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in renal allograft correlate with prognosis. This study was designed to evaluate the value of urinary sediment double-immunostaining for predicting BKPyV infection in proximal tubular epithelium.

Materials And Methods: A total of 76 urine sediment cell blocks, as well as the corresponding transplanted kidney tissues with BK polyomavirus associated-nephropathy (BKPyVAN), were evaluated by automatic double-immunostaining with anti-58-kDa Golgi protein (58K, a proximal renal tubular marker) + anti-SV40-T and anti-homogentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase (HGD, a renal tubular marker) + anti-SV40-T.

Evaluation of the Alpha-Fetoprotein Model for Predicting Recurrence and Survival in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Related Cirrhosis Who Received Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) model is superior to the Milan criteria in predicting the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation in European and Latin American populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of the AFP model in Chinese hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis HCC patients. A total of 189 patients with HBV-related cirrhotic HCC were included.

Urine Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Helps Discriminate BK Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy in Kidney Transplant Recipients With BK Polyomavirus Infection.

Studies have shown that plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) can predict renal allograft antibody-mediated rejection. This study was performed to evaluate the value of urine dd-cfDNA concentration and dd-cfDNA fraction (%) for discriminating BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) in kidney transplant recipients with urinary BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection. In this retrospective single-center observational study, we enrolled kidney transplant recipients who were diagnosed with urine BKPyV infection between August 2018 and May 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.

Cuff Anastomosis of Both Renal Artery and Vein to Minimize Thrombosis: A Novel Method of Kidney Transplantation in Mice.

Objectives: Anastomosis of renal artery and renal vein in mouse models of kidney transplantation is technically challenging. Conventional technique using suture may result in vascular thrombosis. We developed a simple cuff method to anastomose both renal artery and vein.