Machine learning-assisted image label-free smartphone platform for rapid segmentation and robust multi-urinalysis.

This study presents a groundbreaking approach for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other urological disorders through an image-label-free, multi-dipstick identification method, eliminating the need for complex machinery, label libraries, or preset coordinates. Our research successfully identified reaction pads on 187 multi-dipsticks, each with 11 pads, leveraging machine learning algorithms trained on human urine data. This technique aims to surpass traditional colourimetric methods and concentration-colour curve fitting, offering more robust and precise community screening and home monitoring capabilities.

A ToF-based system for recording human sagittal back shape.

Background: The sagittal back shape (SBS) of the human body, which should be highly consistent with the spinal morphology along the internal spine line, also presents an s-shaped curve.

Objective: We propose a novel time-of-flight (ToF) based system to record the s-shaped SBS of the human body, which was simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive.

Results: The system was composed of a bottom plate, an upright post, a vertical rod, dozens of horizontal measuring rods, and a ToF sensor.

Research on a physical activity tracking system based upon three-axis accelerometer for patients with leg ulcers.

Venous leg ulcerations are a common problem, with high prevalence in the middle-aged and elderly population, and more attention on research of their physical activities has been paid, as they have great effects on the blood circulation of the lower limb. With enough, appropriate training, the chronic venous ulcerations in the lower limb can be avoided and alleviated, and venous hypertension can be reduced effectively. The study deals with a physical activity tracking system for the patients based on a three-axis accelerometer.

[Design of training system for foot ulcer patients based on three axis accelerometer].

The paper introduces a training system for foot ulcer patients based on three axis accelerometer, which uses three axis accelerometer and Apple mobile phone platform to guide foot ulcer patients to carry out a variety of lower limb muscle tissues training. The acceleration values of three directions for the foot training is obtained by analog-to-digital conversion and transmitted to the Apple mobile phone via its Bluetooth low energy. The Apple mobile phone accomplishes acceleration data preprocessing, numerical filtering and adaptive dual-threshold processing by our developed application program, so as to achieve the purpose of foot gesture recognition.

[System Design of a Medical Constnt Temperature Flushing Pump].

The flushing pump which is applied to clean operative wound has no temperature controlling function up to now, and doctors have to prepare the flushing fluid that has previously been warmed. The flushing pump system with medical constant temperature designed in our laboratory can absorb flushing fluid at the room temperature, and then eject flushing fluid with the temperature in accordance with the requirements of operations at a controlled constant flow rate. The system combines flow rate control with temperature control functions.

[Design of the temperature control system for the thermostatic medical infusion pump].

In surgery operations, wound should be cleaned with warm sterilized saline solution. In order to reach rapidly warming the washing solution from the room temperature during the surgery, we designed a thermostatic medical infusion pump. The present paper mainly presents researches on the two temperature control methods in the standby mode and in the flushing mode of the system.

[Research on data acquisition of portable uroflowmeter and accuracy of measurement].

This paper presents the preliminary design of data acquisition system of a portable uroflowmeter. The system uses double-hole cantilever pressure sensor. The signal is transferred to ATmega644PA microprogrammed control unit (MCU), converted by A/D (analog to digital) convertor.

Correction method for wireless electromagnetic localization of microcapsule devices.

Background: In the development of a telemetry localization system for wireless tracking of a microcapsule medical device based on alternating current magnetic fields, further improvements are required in terms of localization accuracy and reductions in systematic error.

Methods: A new correction method is proposed based on an improved neural network algorithm for wireless localization. Based on the wireless localization model and its prototype, a single neural network with five input and five output neurons was designed for correction.

Reconstruction and visualization of human gastrointestinal tract.

Background: Converting the two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional photographs into an intuitive three-dimensional (3D) model is a basic task for medical imaging data for auxiliary disease-linked diagnosis purpose.

Methods: Reconstruction and visualization process of gastrointestinal cross-sectional photographs includes image preparation, image registration, image segmentation, 3D surface-rendering reconstruction, and implementation of 3D digital visualization.

Results: Using the visualization toolkit (VTK), we implemented 3D digital reconstruction and visualization of gastrointestinal tract, whose visualized model can be zoomed, paned, and rotated, including the stomach, the small intestine, and the large intestine.

Nonlinear fractal dynamics of human colonic pressure activity based upon the box-counting method.

The computational fractal dimension of human colonic pressure activity acquired by a telemetric capsule robot under normal physiological conditions was studied using the box-counting method. The fractal dimension is a numeric value that quantifies to measure how rough the signal is from nonlinear dynamics, rather than its amplitude or other linear statistical features. The colonic pressure activities from the healthy subject during three typical periods were analysed.

[Long-range correlations in human colonic pressure activity].

Using the method of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and power spectral analysis (PSA), the paper deals with the characteristics of long-range correlations of colonic pressure activities and their surrogate data of healthy subjects. The DFA is a period representation of such correlations, whereas the PSA is a frequency representation. The analysis of the two methods consistently shows that there are long memories in colonic pressure activities and there exist long-range correlations, whereas there are no such long memories and long-range correlations in the surrogate data, whose sequential orders are randomly shuffled.

Detecting Phase Coupling of Gastric Interdigestive Pressure Activity via Diagonal Slice Spectra.

We propose a new analysis method to detect phase coupling behaviour of the human gastric interdigestive pressure wave that has been acquired by a telemetric capsule-like mini-robot. The method is referred to as diagonal slice spectra, which are the Fourier transforms of the diagonal slices of the triple correlation and can detect the phase coupling and coupled components respectively. It is shown that nonlinear quadratic phase coupling occurs during gastric contraction (phase II), whereas no distinct phase coupling occurs during gastric motor quiescence (phase I).

Feature extraction for EEG-based brain-computer interfaces by wavelet packet best basis decomposition.

A method based on wavelet packet best basis decomposition (WPBBD) is investigated for the purpose of extracting features of electroencephalogram signals produced during motor imagery tasks in brain-computer interfaces. The method includes the following three steps. (1) Original signals are decomposed by wavelet packet transform (WPT) and a wavelet packet library can be formed.

Phase coupling analysis of gastric pressure activity via wavelet packet based diagonal slice spectra.

We propose a new analysis method to detect quadratic phase coupling (QPC) behavior of human gastric interdigestive pressure activity that has been acquired by a telemetric capsule-like mini-robot. The method is referred to as diagonal slice spectra. They are the Fourier transforms of the diagonal slices of the triple correlations, and can actually detect the phase coupling and coupled components respectively by expanding the real process into the complex counterpart through Hilbert transform.

Adaptive subject-based feature extraction in brain-computer interfaces using wavelet packet best basis decomposition.

In this paper we discuss a subject-based feature extraction method using wavelet packet best basis decomposition (WPBBD) in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The idea is to employ the wavelet packet best basis algorithm to adapt to each subject separately. Firstly, original electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are decomposed to a given level by wavelet packet transform.

[A review of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs)].

This paper introduces the general constitutions and principle of BCI systems. In addition, some characteristics and limitations of different research methods are discussed and compared. Finally, this paper points out the existing problems and future trends of BCIs.