Astragalin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by preserving blood-brain barrier integrity and suppressing neuroinflammation.

Astragalin (AST) is a flavonoid glycoside commonly found in edible plants and medicinal herbs with a variety of therapeutic effects. This study aimed to investigate whether AST protects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and inhibits neuroinflammation, thereby alleviating depressive-like behaviors. LPS-stimulated cultured cells and LPS-induced BBB disruption and depressive-like behavior mice models were employed.

Luteolin attenuates cadmium neurotoxicity by suppressing glial inflammation and supporting neuronal survival.

Cadmium (Cd), a neurotoxic metal, is associated with the development of neurological disorders. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Luteolin against Cd-induced toxicity in cultured cells and mouse models. Our findings demonstrate that Luteolin protects hippocampal neurons from Cd toxicity and mitigates Cd-triggered inflammatory responses in microglial BV2 cells.

Network pharmacology analysis of the active ingredients of Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl. and their effects on eliminating neuroinflammation and improving motor functions in MPTP-intoxicated mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl. (CH), is a traditional Tibetan medicine used in highland areas for the treatment of alpine polycythemia, ulcers and various inflammatory diseases. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated in experimental mice.

Rational Design of Gd-DOTA-Type Contrast Agents for Hepatobiliary Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The safety risks of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) arise from their inevitable leakage of Gd, and the pursuit of more stable GBCAs for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has drawn increasing attention. Yet, Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA are the only two authorized GBCAs for liver diagnosis in spite of their weak stability. In this study, one of the pendent arms of the most inert commercial Gd-DOTA was decorated with phenyl moieties, in which obvious enhancements of both kinetic and thermodynamic stability were achieved.

Phosphorylation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 at serine 33 attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-13 is a hepatocyte-specific, lipid droplet-associated protein. A common loss-of-function variant of HSD17B13 (rs72613567: TA) protects patients against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with underlying mechanism incompletely understood. In the present study, we identify the serine 33 of 17β-HSD13 as an evolutionally conserved PKA target site and its phosphorylation facilitates lipolysis by promoting its interaction with ATGL on lipid droplets.

Salidroside alleviates cadmium-induced toxicity in mice by restoring the notch/HES-1 and RIP1-driven inflammatory signaling axis.

Objective: Salidroside (SAL) is a marker glycoside of Rhodiola rosea with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health benefits. In this study, we determined its neuroprotective effects against Cd-induced toxicity in cultured cells and mice.

Materials And Methods: GL261 cell and Cd-intoxicated mouse model were used.

A responsive fluorescent probe for detecting and imaging pyruvate kinase M2 in live cells.

In this study, we designed and tested fluorescent probe zy-2 for specific and responsive imaging of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which can be excited by 419 nm light. A 17-fold enhancement in the responsive emission upon zy-2's binding to PKM2 was observed, imaging of which was successfully recorded in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in PKM2-positive cells. Thus, we obtained a responsive fluorescent probe for the specific and sensitive detection of PKM2, which is innovative in design and applicable to the detection of cancer cells.

DAPT Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammation and the Notch/HES-1 Signaling Axis.

The small molecule DAPT inhibits the Notch signaling pathway by blocking γ-secretase mediated Notch cleavage. Given the critical role of the Notch signaling axis in inflammation, we asked whether DAPT could block Notch-mediated inflammation and thus exert neuronal protection. We established a mouse model of chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity and treated it with DAPT.

Var. Extract Attenuates MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity by Restoring BDNF-TrkB and FGF2-Akt Signaling Axis and Inhibiting RIP1-Driven Inflammation.

The tuber of var. is a Tibetan medicine that has been used for generations as a tonic for Yang and Qi, tranquilizing, to enhance intelligence and to promote longevity. We have previously characterized the constituents of var.

Astragalin attenuates AlCl/D-galactose-induced aging-like disorders by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Astragalin (AST) is a natural flavonoid with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether AST is an effective chemical for neuronal protection and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we established a mouse model of cognitive impairment and aging-like phenotype induced by sequential administration of AlCl and D-galactose (Gal).

Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism and RNA Polymerase POLRMT to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer.

Clinically, the prognosis of tumor therapy is fundamentally affected by multidrug resistance (MDR), which is primarily a result of enhanced drug efflux mediated by channels in the membrane that reduce drug accumulation in tumor cells. How to restore the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy is an ongoing and pressing clinical issue. There is a prevailing view that tumor cells turn to glycolysis for energy supply due to hypoxia.

Gisenoside Rg1 attenuates cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.

Objective: Gisenoside Rg1 is a potent neuroprotectant in ginseng. The aim of this study was to investigate the elimination effect of Rg1 on cadmium (Cd)-induced neurotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: A cumulative Cd exposure mouse model was established.

Coeloglossum viride var. bracteatum extract attenuates Aβ-induced toxicity by inhibiting RIP1-driven inflammation and necroptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tibetan ginseng named Wangla (tuber of Coeloglossum viride var. bracteatum) is a traditional tonic that has Yang-strengthening and qi-enhancing, tranquilizing, intelligence-enhancing and longevity-enhancing properties. It has been used to treat impotence, spermatorrhea, anemia and insomnia.

ZnT8 Deficiency Protects From APAP-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress Through Upregulating Hepatic Zinc and Metallothioneins.

Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is an important zinc transporter highly expressed in pancreatic islets. Deficiency of ZnT8 leads to a marked decrease in islet zinc, which is thought to prevent liver diseases associated with oxidative stress. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether loss of islet zinc affects the antioxidant capacity of the liver and acute drug-induced liver injury.

extract attenuates staurosporine induced neurotoxicity by restoring the FGF2-PI3K/Akt signaling axis and Dnmt3.

We previously demonstrated the antioxidant activity of extract (CE) in rat cortical neurons and in mice with chemically induced cognitive impairment. In this work, we established a staurosporine (STS)-induced toxicity model to decipher the neuroprotective mechanisms of CE. We found that CE protected cell viability and neurite integrity in STS-induced toxicity by restoring the levels of FGF2 and its associated PI3K/Akt signaling axis.

Edaravone attenuates cadmium-induced toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in ICR mice.

The neurotoxicity caused by cadmium (Cd) is well known in humans and experimental animals. However, there is no effective treatment for its toxicity. In this study, we established Cd toxicity models in cultured cells or mice to investigate the detoxification effect of edaravone (Eda).

Edaravone attenuates HO or glutamate-induced toxicity in hippocampal neurons and improves AlCl/D-galactose induced cognitive impairment in mice.

Edaravone (Eda) is a free radical scavenger used in clinical trials for the treatment of ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, how Eda exerts its neuroprotective effects remains to be elucidated. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of Eda in cultured hippocampal neurons and in a mouse model of AlCl/D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment.

2,3,5,4'-tetrahydoxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside eliminates staurosporine-induced cytotoxicity by restoring BDNF-TrkB/Akt signaling axis.

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG) is the major active ingredient in that displays a great deal of health-benefits including anti-oxidation, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. However, it is unclear whether THSG exerts neuroprotective functions by regulating neurotrophic factors and their associated signaling pathways. In this study, hippocampal neurons were challenged with staurosporine (STS) to establish a neural damage model.

Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the cognitive deficits in D-galactose and AlCl-induced aging mice by restoring FGF2-Akt and BDNF-TrkB signaling axis to inhibit apoptosis.

Ginsenoside Rg1 is the main active ingredient of with the activity of neuroprotective, antioxidant and strengthening the immune system. Therefore, we hypothesized that Rg1 may afford anti-aging effects although the mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, chemically induced aging mice were established by consecutive administration of D-galactose and AlCl.

Edaravone protects rat astrocytes from oxidative or neurotoxic inflammatory insults by restoring Akt/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 signaling axis.

Astrocytes are the major glia cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing evidence indicates that more than to be safe-guard and supporting cells for neurons, astrocytes play a broad spectrum of neuroprotective and pathological functions. Thus, they are compelling models to decipher mechanistic insights of glia cells to CNS insults and for the development of drugs.

Tea polyphenols attenuate staurosporine-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by modulating BDNF-TrkB/Akt and Erk1/2 signaling axis in hippocampal neurons.

Tea polyphenols (TP) are the major ingredients in tea beverages that display health-benefits including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, attenuating blood pressure and deflating. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of TP to attenuate staurosporine (STS)-induced cytotoxicity. Rat hippocampal neurons were isolated, cultured and incubated with STS to induce neurite collapse and apoptosis, however, the medication of TP eliminated these adverse effects and maintained the morphology of neurons.

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside Restores BDNF-TrkB and FGF2-Akt Signaling Axis to Attenuate Stress-induced Depression.

Depression is a long term inhibitory mood that heavily disabled human beings. We have previously demonstrated anti-depression effect of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG) in chronic-restraint stress (CRS) induced depressive-like mice by restoring the oxidative pathway and neuroinflammation. In this study, we examine the conditions of neurotrophins in CRS-induced depressive-like mice and whether THSG could be an antidepressant by ameliorating the neurotrophins and their associated signaling axis.

Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus by a dual-responsive fluorescent EBNA1-targeting agent with Zn-chelating function.

Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) plays a vital role in the maintenance of the viral genome and is the only viral protein expressed in nearly all forms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency and EBV-associated diseases, including numerous cancer types. To our knowledge, no specific agent against EBV genes or proteins has been established to target EBV lytic reactivation. Here we report an EBNA1- and Zn-responsive probe (ZRLP) which alone could reactivate the EBV lytic cycle through specific disruption of EBNA1.

Deciphering structure, function and mechanism of lysine acetyltransferase HBO1 in protein acetylation, transcription regulation, DNA replication and its oncogenic properties in cancer.

HBO1 complexes are major acetyltransferase responsible for histone H4 acetylation in vivo, which belongs to the MYST family. As the core catalytic subunit, HBO1 consists of an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal MYST domain that are in charge of acetyl-CoA binding and acetylation reaction. HBO1 complexes are multimeric and normally consist of two native subunits MEAF6, ING4 or ING5 and two kinds of cofactors as chromatin reader: Jade-1/2/3 and BRPF1/2/3.

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside attenuates MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by restoring the BDNF-TrkB and FGF2-Akt signaling axis and inhibition of apoptosis.

The major bioactive ingredient THSG of Polygonum multiflorum is well established for its anti-oxidation, anti-aging and anti-inflammation properties. Increasing evidence supports the capacity of THSG to ameliorate the biochemistry of neurotrophins and their downstream signaling axis in mouse models to attenuate neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of THSG were studied in vitro and in vivo.