The function of BoTCP25 in the regulation of leaf development of Chinese kale.

XG Chinese kale ( cv. '') is a variety of Chinese kale and has metamorphic leaves attached to the true leaves. Metamorphic leaves are secondary leaves emerging from the veins of true leaves.

ADP-ribosylation factor D1 modulates Golgi morphology, cell plate formation, and plant growth in Arabidopsis.

ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family proteins, one type of small guanine-nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, play a central role in regulating vesicular traffic and organelle structures in eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains more than 21 ARF proteins, but relatively little is known about the functional heterogeneity of ARF homologs in plants. Here, we characterized the function of a unique ARF protein, ARFD1B, in Arabidopsis.

Integration of Small RNA and Transcriptome Sequencing Reveal the Roles of miR395 and ATP Sulfurylase in Developing Seeds of Chinese Kale.

Seed development is closely related to plant production and reproduction, and MicroRNAs (miRNA) is widely involved in plant development including seed development. Chinese kale, as a Brassicaceae vegetable, mainly depends on seed for proper reproduction. In the present study, Chinese kale seed and silique at different stages were selected to establish small RNA (sRNA) libraries including silique wall sRNA libraries at torpedo-embryo stage (PC), silique wall sRNA libraries at cotyledonary-embryo stage (PD), seed sRNA libraries at torpedo-embryo stage (SC), and seed sRNA libraries at cotyledonary-embryo stage (SD).

Revealing the transcriptional heterogeneity of organ-specific metastasis in human gastric cancer using single-cell RNA Sequencing.

Background: Deciphering intra- and inter-tumoural heterogeneity is essential for understanding the biology of gastric cancer (GC) and its metastasis and identifying effective therapeutic targets. However, the characteristics of different organ-tropism metastases of GC are largely unknown.

Methods: Ten fresh human tissue samples from six patients, including primary tumour and adjacent non-tumoural samples and six metastases from different organs or tissues (liver, peritoneum, ovary, lymph node) were evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Temporal Diversity and Dynamics of Cardiac Immunity after Myocardial Infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is strongly associated with the temporal regulation of cardiac immunity. However, a variety of current clinical trials have failed because of the lack of post-MI immunomodulating/anti-inflammatory targets. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the cardiac Cd45 immune cell at 0, 3, 7, and 14 d after injury in a mouse left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model is performed.

Comparative transcriptomic analyses of glucosinolate metabolic genes during the formation of Chinese kale seeds.

Background: To understand the mechanism of glucosinolates (GSs) accumulation in the specific organs, combined analysis of physiological change and transcriptome sequencing were applied in the current study. Taking Chinese kale as material, seeds and silique walls were divided into different stages based on the development of the embryo in seeds and then subjected to GS analysis and transcriptome sequencing.

Results: The main GS in seeds of Chinese kale were glucoiberin and gluconapin and their content changed with the development of the seed.

Magnetic resonance quantitative susceptibility mapping in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a feasibility study.

Background: Noninvasive methods for the early diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis are needed. The present study aimed to investigate the alteration of magnetic susceptibility in the liver of patients with various fibrosis stages and to evaluate the feasibility of using susceptibility to stage hepatic fibrosis.

Methods: A total of 30 consecutive patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and liver biopsy evaluation of hepatic fibrosis, necroinflammatory activity, iron load, and steatosis.

Use of Three-Dimensional Arterial Spin Labeling to Evaluate Renal Perfusion in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: A noninvasive method for evaluating renal blood flow (RBF) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have clinical value in disease staging, management, and prognostication.

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness of three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) and pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) in assessment of cortex and outer medulla (cortex/OM) RBF in CKD patients and healthy volunteers (HVs).

Study Type: Prospective, in a single institution.

Effect of Photoperiod on Chinese Kale () Sprouts Under White or Combined Red and Blue Light.

To determine the response of Chinese kale () sprouts to photoperiods under different light sources, we used four photoperiods (0-h light/24-h dark, 8-h light/16-h dark, 12-h light/12-h dark, and 16-h light/8-h dark) to investigate their sprout growth and secondary metabolite glucosinolates (GSs) accumulation under white or combined red-and-blue (RB) light sources. We found that the 16-h light condition under RB light produced plants with the greatest dry matter. Sprouts grown under 16-h RB light condition achieved greater length than those under white light.

New insights into AtNBR1 as a selective autophagy cargo receptor in Arabidopsis.

Selective autophagy, mediated by cargo receptors and recruiting specific targets to autophagosomes for degradation and recycling, plays an important role in quality control and cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis AtNBR1 shares a similar domain organization with the mammalian autophagic receptors p62 and NBR1. We recently demonstrated that AtNBR1 functions as a selective autophagy receptor for the exocyst component AtExo70E2, a marker for the Exocyst-positive organelle (EXPO), which was achieved via a specific ATG8-AtNBR1-AtExo70E2 interaction in Arabidopsis.

Patterns of Expansion and Expression Divergence of the Polygalacturonase Gene Family in .

Plant polygalacturonases (PGs) are closely related to cell-separation events during plant growth and development by degrading pectin. Identifying and investigating their diversification of evolution and expression could shed light on research on their function. We conducted sequence, molecular evolution, and gene expression analyses of PG genes in .

AtNBR1 Is a Selective Autophagic Receptor for AtExo70E2 in Arabidopsis.

Selective autophagy is a subcellular process whereby cytoplasmic materials are selectively sequestered into autophagosomes for subsequent delivery to the vacuole for degradation and recycling. Arabidopsis () NBR1 (next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein; AtNBR1) has been proposed to function as a selective autophagy receptor in plants, whereby AtNBR1 anchors the ubiquitinated targets to autophagosomes for degradation. However, the specific cargos of AtNBR1 remain elusive.

Physiological and transcriptomic responses of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) to prolonged heat stress.

Background: Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) is an important heat-resistant leafy vegetable that can survive under long-time heat stress condition. However, the physiological characteristics and molecular changes in its response to heat stress are poorly understood.

Results: In this study the selected water spinach cultivars with different thermo resistance and their physiological response to heat stress were examined.

Membrane Contact Sites and Organelles Interaction in Plant Autophagy.

Autophagy is an intracellular trafficking and degradation system for recycling of damaged organelles, mis-folded proteins and cytoplasmic constituents. Autophagy can be divided into non-selective autophagy and selective autophagy according to the cargo specification. Key to the process is the timely formation of the autophagosome, a double-membrane structure which is responsible for the delivery of damaged organelles and proteins to lysosomes or vacuoles for their turnover.

The γ-tubulin complex protein GCP6 is crucial for spindle morphogenesis but not essential for microtubule reorganization in .

γ-Tubulin typically forms a ring-shaped complex with 5 related γ-tubulin complex proteins (GCP2 to GCP6), and this γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) serves as a template for microtubule (MT) nucleation in plants and animals. While the γTuRC takes part in MT nucleation in most eukaryotes, in fungi such events take place robustly with just the γ-tubulin small complex (γTuSC) assembled by γ-tubulin plus GCP2 and GCP3. To explore whether the γTuRC is the sole functional γ-tubulin complex in plants, we generated 2 mutants of the gene encoding the largest subunit of the γTuRC in .

Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed different heat stress responses in high- and low-GS Brassica alboglabra sprouts.

Background: Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra) contains high nutritional elements and functional molecules, especially anticarcinogenic and antioxidant glucosinolates (GS), which was highly affected by environment temperature. To investigate the link of GS biosynthesis with heat stress response in Chinese kale, global transcription profiles of high-GS line (HG), low-GS line (LG), high-GS line under heat stress (HGT) and low-GS line under heat stress (LGT) were analyzed.

Results: Based on three biological replicates of each RNA sequencing data, 3901, 4062 and 2396 differentially expressed genes in HG vs HGT, LG vs LGT and HGT vs LGT were obtained, respectively.

Heat shock protein-guided dual-mode CT/MR imaging of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma tumor.

The development of an ultrasensitive nanoprobe is regarded as one of the most promising strategies for the precise diagnosis of tumors. Herein, tanespimycin (17-AAG)-modified polyethylenimine-based gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) co-labeled with a gadolinium (Gd) nanoprobe are constructed for targeted dual-mode computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The specific binding of tanespimycin to the N-terminal of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) endows the modified nanoprobes (NPs) with the ability to up-regulate HSP90 tumor cells and to display excellent X-ray attenuation intensity and T MR imaging performance in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma tumor model.

Identification of miRNAs Affecting the Establishment of Seedling.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for plant development including seed formation, dormancy, and germination, as well as seedling establishment. The vegetable seedling establishment stage influences the development of high quality seedlings, but also affects the nutrient content of sprouts. Chinese kale () seedlings at different growth stages were used to construct two small-RNA (sRNA) libraries.

Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal a Special Glucosinolate Metabolism Mechanism in Sprouts.

sprouts contain abundant phytochemicals, especially glucosinolates (GSs). Various methods have been used to enhance GS content in sprouts. However, the molecular basis of GS metabolism in sprouts remains an open question.

A comparison study of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma with ductal adenocarcinoma using computed tomography in Chinese patients.

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the computed tomography (CT) features of ACC and compare the results with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC) for improving preoperative diagnosis. The control group consisted of 34 patients with DAC collected from the pathology electronic database.

Identification of Novel and Conserved miRNAs in Leaves of In vitro Grown Citrus reticulata "Lugan" Plantlets by Solexa Sequencing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in plant development, but the roles in the in vitro plant development are unknown. Leaves of ponkan plantlets derived from mature embryos at in vitro culture conditions were used to sequence small RNA fraction via Solexa sequencing, and the miRNAs expression was analyzed. The results showed that there were 3,065,625 unique sequences in ponkan, of which 0.

Cloning and expression analysis of betalain biosynthesis genes in Amaranthus tricolor.

Objectives: To clone genes involved in the betalain biosynthesis pathway and to assess the effects of phytohormones on betalain biosynthesis in Amaranthus tricolor.

Results: Five betalain biosynthesis genes were cloned by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Betacyanin analyses revealed that pigments accumulated differently in various tissues and under different phytohormone treatments.