High-Temporal-Resolution In Situ Sensor for Oceanic CO Isotope Measurement Enabling Multidimensional Isotope Tracing Analysis (RC, RO, and RO) via Laser Absorption Spectroscopy.

Combined in situ analysis of oceanic CO concentrations and diverse C and O isotope characteristics can offer a unique perspective with multiple isotopic tracing dimensions for identifying marine biogeochemical processes. Applying this strategy in marine environments is urgently required, yet it faces inherent challenges in terms of existing analytical methods and instruments, e.g.

Holobiont perspectives on tripartite interactions among microbiota, mosquitoes, and pathogens.

Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and malaria cause a significant global health burden. Unfortunately, current insecticides and environmental control strategies aimed at the vectors of these diseases are only moderately effective in decreasing disease burden. Understanding and manipulating the interaction between the mosquito holobiont (i.

Seconds-Scale Response Sensor for In Situ Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Detection.

Research on the transient variation processes of oceanic dissolved CO makes significant sense because of the complexity and dynamics of the marine environment. Yet, it is inherently challenging due to the limitation of the response performance of in situ sensors. Here, we report a novel system solution capable of providing high-performance detection with a seconds-scale response, sub-ppmv level precision, and 3000 m rated depth.

Underwater In Situ Dissolved Gas Detection Based on Multi-Reflection Raman Spectroscopy.

The detection of dissolved gases in seawater plays an important role in oceanic observations and exploration. As a potential technique for oceanic applications, Raman spectroscopy has been successfully applied in hydrothermal vents and cold seep fluids, but it has not yet been used in common seawater due to the technique's lower sensitivity. In this work, we present a highly sensitive underwater in situ Raman spectroscopy system for dissolved gas detection in common seawater.

A Portable Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy System for Dissolved CO Detection Using a High-Efficiency Headspace Equilibrator.

Continuous observation of aquatic pCO2  at the ocean surface, with a sensitive response time and high spatiotemporal resolution, is essential for research into the carbon biogeochemical cycle. In this work, a portable tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) system for dissolved CO detection in surface seawater, coupled with a home-made headspace equilibrator, allowing real time underway measurements, is described. Both the optical detection part and sample extraction part were integrated together into a compact chamber.

Normalization of underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using acoustic signals measured by a hydrophone.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals in water always suffer strong pulse-to-pulse fluctuations that result in poor stability of the spectrum. In this work, a spectrum normalization method based on acoustic signals measured by a hydrophone immersed in water was developed and compared with laser energy normalization. The characteristics of the acoustic signals were studied first, and the correlations between the acoustic signals and LIBS spectra were analyzed.

PCE3 Plays a Role in the Reproduction of Male .

proclotting enzymes (PCEs) belong to the clip domain serine protease (clip-SP) family, which is a characteristic protease family in arthropods. was previously reported to regulate egg production and development in female , but its role in male is unclear. In the present study, qPCR analysis showed that was expressed in three different tissues (gut, testis and fat body).

Development and Field Tests of a Deep-Sea Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System for Solid Sample Analysis in Seawater.

In recent years, the investigation and exploitation of hydrothermal region and polymetallic mineral areas has become a hot topic. The emergence of underwater vehicle platforms has made it possible for new chemical sensors to be applied in marine in-situ detection. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), with its advantages of rapid real-time analysis, sampling without pretreatment, simultaneous multi-element detection and stand-off detection, has great potential in marine applications.

Laser-induced plasma in water at high pressures up to 40 MPa: A time-resolved study.

The knowledge on the laser-induced plasma emission in water at high pressures is essential for the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the deep-sea. In this work, we investigate the spectral features of ionic, atomic and molecular emissions for the plasma in water at different pressures from 1 to 40 MPa. By comparing between the time-resolved spectra and shadowgraph images, we demonstrate that the dynamics of the cavitation bubble at high pressures plays a key role on the characterization of plasma emission.

Depth Profiling Investigation of Seawater Using Combined Multi-Optical Spectrometry.

Depth profiling investigation plays an important role in studying the dynamic processes of the ocean. In this paper, a newly developed hyphenated underwater system based on multi-optical spectrometry is introduced and used to measure seawater spectra at different depths with the aid of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The hyphenated system consists of two independent compact deep-sea spectral instruments, a deep ocean compact autonomous Raman spectrometer and a compact underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system for sea applications (LIBSea).

Detection improvement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using the flame generated from alcohol-solution mixtures.

It has been proved that the detection of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) could be improved by the flame. In this work, we applied flame enhanced LIBS for the detection of elements in water, while the flame was generated from the mixture of alcohol and aqueous solution. In the measurements, the flame is functioned as an assistance to enhance the LIBS detection, and also worked as a sampling way for the solution.

A Clip Domain Serine Protease Involved in Egg Production in : Expression Patterns and RNA Interference.

Clip domain serine proteases play vital roles in various innate immune functions and in embryonic development. proclotting enzymes (PCEs) belong to this protease family. was reported to be involved in innate immunity, whereas the role of other is unclear.

Salinity effects on elemental analysis in bulk water by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

The effects of salinity on underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) were investigated with salinities ranging from 2‰ to 50‰. Both spectroscopic and fast imaging techniques were used to observe plasma emission. It was shown that as the salinity increased, emission intensities of the atomic lines increased, while intensities of the ionic lines were suppressed.

Effects of Ambient Temperature on Laser-Induced Plasma in Bulk Water.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been successfully applied to ocean exploration, but the changes in marine environmental factors could have an important impact on the LIBS signals. The aim of the research is to investigate the ambient water temperature effects on laser-induced plasma in bulk water. Both the spectroscopic and fast imaging techniques are used to observe the plasma emission with the temperatures in the range of 5-60 ℃.

Development of a compact deep-sea Raman spectroscopy system and direct bicarbonate detection in sea trials.

In recent years, Raman spectroscopy techniques have been successfully applied to the area of deep-sea exploration. However, there are still some problems impeding the further application of Raman systems. For example, the large size of an underwater Raman system makes it difficult to deploy on the underwater vehicle.

Analysis and Modeling Methodologies for Heat Exchanges of Deep-Sea In Situ Spectroscopy Detection System Based on ROV.

In recent years, cabled ocean observation technology has been increasingly used for deep sea in situ research. As sophisticated sensor or measurement system starts to be applied on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), it presents the requirement to maintain a stable condition of measurement system cabin. In this paper, we introduce one kind of ROV-based Raman spectroscopy measurement system (DOCARS) and discuss the development characteristics of its cabin condition during profile measurement process.

Sr/Ca ratio analysis of seashells using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy under objective-lens focusing and single-lens focusing.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for seashell elemental analysis, and now that application is in rapid development. In this work, LIBS was applied for scallop shell [Chlamys (Azumapecten) farreri] analysis using the element ratio Sr/Ca, and the analytical result was compared under objective lens (OL) focusing and single lens (SL) focusing, respectively. It is interesting to find that, under the two focusing arrangements, the ratio (Sr/Ca) variation on the shell cross section performed completely differently, while in technical aspects, the two focusing arrangements presented almost the same characteristics in a standard sample.

Investigation of laser-induced plasma characteristics in bulk water under different focusing arrangements.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has drawn more attention as a new technique for in situ detection of seawater, especially for hydrothermal areas. In order to evaluate the focusing geometry effect on laser-induced plasma in bulk water, four focusing arrangements were tried out with a single lens as well as with a double-lens combination. We demonstrated that, for the same transmission distance in water, the double-lens combination with shorter effective focal length generated more condensed plasma, as shown by the spectroscopic and fast imaging results.

A Direct Bicarbonate Detection Method Based on a Near-Concentric Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy System.

Raman spectroscopy has great potential as a tool in a variety of hydrothermal science applications. However, its low sensitivity has limited its use in common sea areas. In this paper, we develop a near-concentric cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy system to directly detect bicarbonate in seawater for the first time.

Development of a compact underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system and preliminary results in sea trials.

The exploitation and research of deep-sea hydrothermal vent has been an issue of great interest in ocean research in recent years. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has great potential for ocean application due to the capabilities of stand-off, multiphase, and multielement analysis. In this work, a newly developed compact 4000 m rated LIBS system (LIBSea) is introduced with preliminary results of sea trials.

Highly sensitive Raman system for dissolved gas analysis in water.

The detection of dissolved gases in seawater plays an important role in ocean observation and exploration. As a potential technique for oceanic applications, Raman spectroscopy has already proved its advantages in the simultaneous detection of multiple species during previous deep-sea explorations. Due to the low sensitivity of conventional Raman measurements, there have been many reports of Raman applications on direct seawater detection in high-concentration areas, but few on undersea dissolved gas detection.