Ketone-Directed Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective C2 Amidation of Indoles.

An efficient cobalt(III)-catalyzed method for the direct C-H amidation of unprotected indoles for 2-amino indole scaffold construction has been developed. With dioxazolone as the amidating reagent, a variety of 2-amino indole derivatives were achieved in moderate to excellent yields using an organic acid as the additive and a ketone as the directing group.

Potassium tert-Butoxide-Mediated Condensation Cascade Reaction: Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of Multisubstituted Aryl Indoles and Benzofurans.

An efficient and facile method to synthesize valuable disubstituted 2-aryl indoles and benzofurans in good yields has been demonstrated, based on a tert-butoxide-mediated condensation reaction involving a vinyl sulfoxide intermediate. Products are obtained from N- or O-benzyl benzaldehydes using dimethyl sulfoxide as a carbon source. The methodology features a wide functional group tolerance and transition metal-free environment.

Differential expression of ion transporters and aquaporins in leaves may contribute to different salt tolerance in Malus species.

Maintaining ion and water homeostasis in plants is an important defense strategy against salinity stress. Divergence in ion homeostasis between the salt-tolerant Malus hupehensis Rehd. and salt-sensitive Malus prunifolia 'yingyehaitang' was studied to understand their mechanisms for tolerance.

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein gene from Malus hupehensis Rehd.

Members of the plant glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (GR-RBP) family play diverse roles in regulating RNA metabolism for various cellular processes. To understand better their function at the molecular level in stress responses, we cloned a GR-RBP gene, MhGR-RBP1, from Malus hupehensis. Its full-length cDNA is 558 bp long, with a 495-bp open reading frame, and it encodes 164 amino acids.

[Influence of digestive tract reconstruction techniques on plasma ghrelin level and body mass index after subtotal gastrectomy].

Objective: To study the impact of digestive tract reconstruction techniques on plasma ghrelin level and body mass index (BMI) after subtotal gastrectomy.

Methods: Eighty-one patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy for T1-3N0M0 gastric cancer were divided into three groups according to digestive tract reconstruction techniques, which included Billroth I group (n=30), Billroth II group (n=25) and Roux-en-Y group(n=26). Plasma ghrelin level was determined by radioimmunoassay preoperatively and one day, one week, half a year, and one year after gastrectomy.

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with tumor lysates induce anti-tumor immunity against gastric cancer ex vivo.

Aim: To investigate whether bone marrow-derived denritic cells pulsed with tumor lysates induce immunity against gastric cancer ex vivo.

Methods: c-kit(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells were magnetically isolated with a MiniMACS separator from BALB/c mice bone marrow cells. These cells were cultured with cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNFalpha to induce their maturation.

[Role of duodenum in regulation of plasma ghrelin level and body mass index after subtotal gastrectomy].

Objective: To investigate the role of duodenum in regulation of ghrelin and body mass index (BMI) and the correlation between ghrelin and BMI after subtotal gastrectomy.

Methods: Forty-two patients with T(0-1)N(0-1)M(0) gastric cancer were divided into two groups after gastrectomy according to digestive reconstruction pattern, Billroth I group (n=23) and Billroth II group (n=19) respectively. Plasma ghrelin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and at day 1, 7, 30 and 360 after gastrectomy,and BMIs were also measured.

Role of the duodenum in regulation of plasma ghrelin levels and body mass index after subtotal gastrectomy.

Aim: To investigate the role of the duodenum in the regulation of plasma ghrelin levels and body mass index (BMI), and the correlation between them after subtotal gastrectomy.

Methods: Forty-two patients with T0-1N0-1M0 gastric cancer were divided into two groups after gastrectomy according to digestive reconstruction pattern, Billroth I group (n = 23) and Billroth II group (n = 19). Ghrelin levels were determined with radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and on d 1, 7, 30 and 360 after gastrectomy, and BMI was also measured.

[Expression and clinical significance of costimulatory molecule B7-H3 mRNA and B7-H3 protein in gastric carcinoma].

Objective: To study the expression of B7-H3 mRNA and B7-H3 protein in gastric carcinoma and their clinical significance.

Methods: The expression of B7-H3 mRNA and B7-H3 protein in gastric carcinoma and the nearby normal tissue of 38 patients was detected by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical assay respectively.

Results: B7-H3 mRNA was expressed both in gastric carcinoma and nearby normal tissue, but the expression level in gastric carcinoma was much lower than that in nearby normal tissue.

Treatment of advanced gastric cancer by chemotherapy combined with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells.

The effects of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) (CD3+CD56+) cells together with chemotherapy were investigated in patients who suffered from advanced gastric cancers (stage IV). Fifty-seven patients were divided into two groups: chemotherapy plus CIK biotherapy and chemotherapy alone. CIK cells were induced from autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro and separated by flow cytometry and then transfused into the patients.

Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA in peritoneal washes from gastric cancer patients and its clinical significance.

Aim: To establish a more sensitive method for detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes from gastric cancer patients during surgery and to evaluate its clinical significance.

Methods: The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA levels in peritoneal washes from 65 cases of gastric cancer were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Peritoneal lavage cytology (PLC) was applied simultaneously to detection of free cancer cells.