Autophagy: regulating the seesaw of bone-fat balance.

The interrelationship between bone and fat can be described as a seesaw in bone homeostasis, in which both osteogenesis and adipogenesis occur in a delicate balance. Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common origin and play key roles in osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Bone-fat balance indicates osteogenesis and adipogenesis keeps a balance for concordant distribution of trabecular bone and bone marrow adipose tissue in bone, thereby leading to the balance between bone metabolism and lipid metabolism.

Dual-Action flavonol carbonized polymer dots spray: Accelerating burn wound recovery through immune responses modulation and EMT induction.

Effective immune homeostasis modulation and re-epithelialization promotion are crucial for accelerating burn wound healing. Cell migration is fundamental to re-epithelialization, with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a key mechanism. A sustained inflammatory environment or impaired macrophage transition to M2 phenotype can hinder pro-resolving cytokine activation, further delaying the recruitment, migration, and re-epithelialization of epidermal cells to the injury site, ultimately compromising wound healing.

[Evaluation of the preclinical teaching effects of digital virtual simulation system in veneer tooth preparation].

Purpose: To evaluate the preclinical teaching effects of digital virtual simulation system applied in window-type veneer tooth preparation of undergraduate dental students.

Methods: In the early clinical exposure of five-year undergraduate students from School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Simodont virtual simulation system and conventional phantom-simulator system were alternatively used in the preclinical teaching of veneer tooth preparation. First, after theoretical training and tests of veneer tooth preparation, twenty-three students were randomly divided into two groups.

Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular responses of tobacco to magnesium deficiency.

Introduction: Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial macronutrient for plants. Understanding the molecular responses of plants to different levels of Mg supply is important for improving cultivation practices and breeding new varieties with efficient Mg utilization.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis on tobacco ( L.

The roles of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the relationship between socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms: Observations from a national study.

Background: While the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and depression is well-documented, the relative contributions of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) to this association remain unclear. This study was to explore the effects of PA, SB in the associations between SES and depressive symptoms, respectively.

Methods: Our study included 15,906 adults (age≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2020.

Taurine Protects against Silica Nanoparticle-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Response via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells.

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) induce reproductive toxicity through ROS production, which significantly limits their application. The protective effects of taurine (Tau) against SNP-induced reproductive toxicity remain unexplored. So this study aims to investigate the impact of Tau on SNP-induced porcine ovarian granulosa cell toxicity.

Ngfr cholinergic projection from SI/nBM to mPFC selectively regulates temporal order recognition memory.

Acetylcholine regulates various cognitive functions through broad cholinergic innervation. However, specific cholinergic subpopulations, circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying recognition memory remain largely unknown. Here we show that Ngfr cholinergic neurons in the substantia innominate (SI)/nucleus basalis of Meynert (nBM)-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit selectively underlies recency judgements.

Blocking Metallothionein-2 Expression by Copper-Doped Carbon Dots Induces Cellular Antioxidant System Collapse for Antitumor Therapy.

The insufficient antioxidant reserves in tumor cells play a critical role in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated therapeutics. Metallothionein-2 (MT-2), an intracellular cysteine-rich protein renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, is intricately involved in tumor development and correlates with a poor prognosis. Consequently, MT-2 emerges as a promising target for tumor therapy.

The associations of chronic pain and 24-h movement behaviors with incident mental disorders: evidence from a large-scale cohort study.

Background: Chronic pain was associated with a higher risk of mental disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety).

Integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome reveals the molecular responses of tobacco to boron deficiency.

Background: Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants. Inappropriate B supply detrimentally affects the productivity of numerous crops. Understanding of the molecular responses of plants to different B supply levels would be of significance in crop improvement and cultivation practices to deal with the problem.

Novel L-(CaP-ZnP)/SA Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Mineralization Effects for Efficient Vital Pulp Therapy.

Background: Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is considered a conservative treatment for preserving pulp viability in caries and trauma-induced pulpitis. However, Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as the most frequently used repair material, exhibits limited efficacy under inflammatory conditions. This study introduces an innovative nanocomposite hydrogel, tailored to simultaneously target anti-inflammation and dentin mineralization, aiming to efficiently preserve vital pulp tissue.

Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed the molecular regulation mechanisms of zinc homeostasis and antioxidant machinery in tobacco in response to different zinc supplies.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. Adequate regulation of Zn uptake, transport and distribution, and adaptation to Zn-deficiency stress or Zn-excess toxicity are crucial for plant growth and development. However, little has been done to understand the molecular responses of plants toward different Zn supply levels.

Reversal of subtype-selectivity and function by the introduction of a para-benzamidyl substituent to N-cyclopropylmethyl nornepenthone.

The discovery and development of novel μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists is a significant area to combat Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). In this work, a series of para-substituted N-cyclopropylmethyl-nornepenthone derivatives were designed and synthesized and pharmacologically assayed. Compound 6a was identified as a selective MOR antagonist both in vitro and in vivo.

Silica Nanoparticles Promote Apoptosis in Ovarian Granulosa Cells via Autophagy Dysfunction.

Although silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are generally thought to be biocompatible and safe, the adverse effects of SNPs were also reported in previous studies. SNPs cause follicular atresia via the induction of ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. However, the mechanisms for this phenomenon are not well understood.

The relationship between physical activity and subjective cognitive decline: Evidence from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS).

Background: Studies have shown that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a major risk factor for mild cognitive impairment or even dementia, but the relationship between physical activity (PA) and SCD is still unclear. The goal of current study is to address how various physical activities relate to SCD.

Methods: 216,593 adults from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were included in this study.

Is a Highly Selective and Potent κ Opioid Receptor (KOR) Agonist with an Unexpected Nonreduction in Locomotor Activity.

Undue central nervous system (CNS) side effects including dysphoria and sedation remain to be a challenge for the development of κ opioid receptor (KOR) agonists as effective and safe analgesics. On the basis of our previous work on morphinan-based KOR agonists, a series of 7α-methyl-7β-substituted northebaine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and biologically assayed. Among others, compound () has been identified as a highly selective and potent KOR agonist both and , and its molecular basis was also examined and discussed.

De novo transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the response to excess nitrogen in Azolla spp.

Phytoremediation potential of Azolla in removal of nitrogen from wastewater has been promising. However, little is known about the response of Azolla to high concentrations of nitrogen. In this study, the responses of four Azolla species to different concentrations of total nitrogen ranging from 0 to 180 mg L were examined.

Relationship between physical activity and mental health in a national representative cross-section study: Its variations according to obesity and comorbidity.

Background: Physical activity is positively associated with mental health in obese people with chronic comorbidities. However, how physical activity types (PATs), physical activity frequency (PAF), and physical activity duration (PAD) are associated with mental health need to be further clarified. The current study investigated and compared the effectiveness of PATs, physical activity frequency PAF and PAD for mental health in obese people with various chronic comorbid conditions.

Activation of Autophagy by Low-Dose Silica Nanoparticles Enhances Testosterone Secretion in Leydig Cells.

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) can cause abnormal spermatogenesis in male reproductive toxicity. However, the toxicity and toxicological mechanisms of SNPs in testosterone synthesis and secretion in Leydig cells are not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect and molecular mechanism of low doses of SNPs in testosterone production in Leydig cells.

Dezocine as a potent analgesic: overview of its pharmacological characterization.

Dezocine, a synthetic opioid, introduced in 1970s as an analgesic, was redeveloped for relieving moderate to severe pain by Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group in China in 2009. To date, dezocine occupies 45% of China's opioid analgesic market. Along with dezocine being a dominated painkiller, a certain amount of research was conducted to elucidate dezocine's action.

Discovery of an -Substituted -Cyclopropylmethyl-7α-phenyl-6,14-endoethanotetrahydronorthebaine as a Selective, Potent, and Orally Active κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist with an Improved Central Nervous System Safety Profile.

The search for selective kappa opioid receptor (κOR) agonists with an improved safety profile is an area of interest in opioid research. In this work, a series of -substituted analogs were designed, synthesized, and assayed, resulting in the identification of compound () as a κOR agonist with single-digit nanomolar activities. The subtype selectivity of compound appeared to be a consequence of an enormous decrease in the affinity for μOR and δOR, rather than a significant increase in the affinity for κOR, which was not the case for , another selective and potent κOR agonist identified in our previous work.

Uhrf1 regulates H3K9me2 modification of mTOR to inhibit the effect of autophagy in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The regulation of mTOR and the dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2) H3K9me2 by Uhrf1 and the mechanism of autophagy regulation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) were studied and . An I/R injury model was established using the primary mouse cardiomyocytes treated with HO. Subsequent analysis by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence indicated that overexpression of Uhrf1 significantly inhibited apoptosis of the HO-treated cardiomyocytes, reduced expression of apoptosis factors caspase-3 and Bax, and increased expression of apoptosis inhibitory factor Bcl-2.