Effects of Working Memory, Strategy Use, and Single-Step Mental Addition on Multi-Step Mental Addition in Chinese Elementary Students.

The aim of this paper was to examine the roles of working memory, single-step mental addition skills, and strategy use in multi-step mental addition in two independent samples of Chinese elementary students through different approaches to manipulate two dimensions of task characteristics (the primary task). In Study 1, we manipulated strategy types through the dimension of schema automaticity (whether intermediate sums were 10s) and the dimension of working memory load (WML, two steps versus four steps). A hierarchical linear model (HLM) analysis was conducted at case level, strategy level, and individual level.

Turning Potential Flexibility Into Flexible Performance: Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy and Use of Flexible Cognition.

This study examined the relationship between two types of mathematical flexibility - potential flexibility, which indicates individuals' knowledge of multiple strategies and strategy efficiency, and practical flexibility, which refers to individuals' flexible performances when solving math problems. Both types of flexibility were assessed in the domain of linear equation solving. Furthermore, two types of beliefs - self-efficacy and use of flexible cognition (UFC) - were investigated as potential moderators between potential and practical flexibility.

Serotonin regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in select brain regions during acute psychological stress.

Previous studies suggest that serotonin (5-HT) might interact with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during the stress response. However, the relationship between 5-HT and BDNF expression under purely psychological stress is unclear. In this study, one hour before psychological stress exposure, the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT or antagonist MDL73005, or the 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI or antagonist ketanserin were administered to rats exposed to psychological stress.

[Recognition of depression and related risk factors among non psychiatric doctors in tertiary general hospital outpatients in Beijing].

Objective: To explore the level of identification and related factors of depression in physicians of Beijing tertiary general hospitals.

Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was used to screen the outpatients, and depression was diagnosed according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Identification of depression was defined as referral to psychiatrist or managed with antidepressant or sedative hypnotics.

[Emotional disorder in patients with acute or stable coronary heart disease].

Objective: To compare the incidence of emotional disorder in patients with acute or stable coronary heart disease.

Methods: A total of 298 patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD) were designed into three groups based on of coronary angiography results: acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 128), stable angina pectoris (SAP, n = 108) and non-CHD (n = 62). All patients were evaluated by Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) for depression and anxiety before coronary angiography (CAG), 3 days after CAG, and 1 day before discharge.

[The prevalence of depression and anxiety in gastrointestinal out-patients of tertiary general hospitals in Beijing].

Objective: To explore the prevalence and physician's recognition of depression and anxiety disorder in gastrointestinal out-patients of three tertiary general hospitals in Beijing.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the gastrointestinal out-patient departments of three tertiary general hospitals in Beijing from May to June 2007. Total 517 subjects were recruited consecutively within a one month period.

[An analysis of psychological problems of patients in cardiology clinic].

Objective: To explore the current condition of psychological problems of patients in cardiology clinic.

Methods: A total of 347 patients in the cardiology clinic of Prof. HU Da-yi were screened by self-rating depression scale (SDS), Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA).