Arginyl-fructosyl-glucose, a Major Maillard Reaction Product of Red Ginseng, Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating Nuclear Factor κB and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways.

Recently, although ginseng ( Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and its main component saponins (ginsenosides) have been reported to exert protective effects on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), the beneficial activities of non-saponin on CDDP-induced AKI is little known.

[Study of the effect and mechanism of spastic paraplegia 21 protein on the replication of hepatitis B virus].

Objective: To study the effect of human spastic paraplegia 21 protein (SPG21) on the replication of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and its regulatory mechanism.

Methods: HBV infectious clone pHBV1.3 and its promoter pHBV-Luc were transfected respectively into HepG2 cells with SPG21 of different concentrations, HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatants were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expression of HBV core mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, covalently closed circular DNA(ccc DNA) levels were measured by real-time PCR, and HBV promoter activity was measured by luminometer fluorescence detector.