[Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Multi-scale Spatial Balance and Matching Analysis of Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand in Hubei Province].

In-depth study of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem service supply and demand and their multi-scale spatial matching patterns is crucial to achieving effective management of ecosystem services and formulating scientific ecological protection plans. Investigating the Hubei Province as a research region, this study employed diverse ecological models, such as InVEST, based on multiple data sources encompassing land use, meteorological conditions, and socio-economic factors. The objective was to quantitatively assess and spatially characterize the supply and demand dynamics of four ecosystem services-namely, carbon storage, water yield, soil conservation, and food provision-within the Hubei Province.

Role of glycine receptors in glycine-induced LTD in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.

Glycine in the hippocampus can exert its effect on both synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and extrasynaptic functional glycine receptors (GlyRs) via distinct binding sites. Previous studies have reported that glycine induces long-term potentiation (LTP) through the activation of synaptic NMDARs. However, little is known about the potential role of the activated GlyRs that are largely located in extrasynaptic regions.

Metaplastic regulation of long-term potentiation/long-term depression threshold by activity-dependent changes of NR2A/NR2B ratio.

In vivo experience induces changes in synaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit components, which are correlated with subsequent modifications of synaptic plasticity. However, little is known about how these subunit changes regulate the induction threshold of subsequent plasticity. At hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, we first examined whether a recent history of neuronal activity could affect subsequent synaptic plasticity through its actions on NMDAR subunit components.

Distinct trafficking and expression mechanisms underlie LTP and LTD of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses.

Although an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the plasticity of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this neurologically important process. In a study of NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 synapses whose AMPA receptor (AMPAR) activity is totally blocked, we uncovered differences between the trafficking mechanisms that underlie the long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) that can be induced in these cells under these conditions. The LTP-producing protocol failed to induce a change in the amplitude of NMDAR-mediated postsynaptic currents (NMDAR EPSCs) in the first 5-10 min, but induced gradual enhancement of NMDAR EPSCs thereafter that soon reached a stable magnitude.

Synaptic metaplasticity through NMDA receptor lateral diffusion.

Lateral diffusion of glutamate receptors was proposed as a mechanism for regulating receptor numbers at synapses and affecting synaptic functions, especially the efficiency of synaptic transmission. However, a direct link between receptor lateral diffusion and change in synaptic function has not yet been established. In the present study, we demonstrated NMDA receptor (NMDAR) lateral diffusion in CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices by detecting considerable recovery of spontaneous or evoked EPSCs from the block of (+)-MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate], an irreversible NMDAR open-channel blocker.