Effects of extracellular ATP on local and systemic responses of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) leaves to wounding.

Wounding increased the extracellular Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (eATP) level of kidney bean leaves. Treatment with wounding or exogenous ATP increased the hydrogen peroxide (HO) content, activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, and malondialdehyde content in both the treated and systemic leaves. Pre-treatment with ATP-degrading enzyme, apyrase, to the wounded leaves reduced the wound-induced local and systemic increases in HO content, activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, and malondialdehyde content.

Extracellular ATP released by copper stress could act as diffusible signal in alleviating the copper stress-induced cell death.

In the present work, by using tobacco cell suspension and wheat seedlings, we studied that eATP (extracellular ATP) released by copper (Cu) stress could act as diffusible signal in alleviating the Cu stress-induced cell death. A semipermeable membrane was fixed in the middle of a plastic box to divide the box into two equal compartments (A and B, respectively). This semipermeable membrane can prevent direct cell-to-cell (or seedling-to-seedling) contact and the diffusion of the macromolecules [such as ATPase (adenosine 5'-triphosphatase)] between these two compartments.

AgI[(MoO)(IO)]: a new polar material synthesized from the structural modulation of molybdenyl iodate architectures by polarizable cation (Ag) and anion (I).

A new polar material AgI[(MoO)(IO)], which contains the extended 2D [(MoO)(IO)] molybdenyl iodate framework found in the known noncentrosymmetric material K[(MoO)(IO)], has been synthesized through the conventional hydrothermal method at 200 °C. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system space group Pna2 with a = 8.0072(2) Å, b = 21.

Latanoprost-Eluting Contact Lenses in Glaucomatous Monkeys.

Purpose: To assess the ability of latanoprost-eluting contact lenses to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) of glaucomatous eyes of cynomolgus monkeys.

Design: Preclinical efficacy study of 3 treatment arms in a crossover design.

Participants: Female cynomolgus monkeys with glaucoma induced in 1 eye by repeated argon laser trabeculoplasty.

Effect of 0.04% AR-13324, a ROCK, and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor, on aqueous humor dynamics in normotensive monkey eyes.

Purpose: To determine the mechanism by which topically applied AR-13324, a rho kinase inhibitor, and an inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter, reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive monkey eyes.

Methods: Seven normotensive monkeys were used. Tonographic outflow facility (C) was measured before drug administration and repeated 6 hours after administration of 50 µL (25 µL×2) of 0.

A comparative study of a preservative-free latanoprost cationic emulsion (Catioprost) and a BAK-preserved latanoprost solution in animal models.

Purpose: Benzalkonium chloride (BAK), a common preservative in eye drops, can induce ocular surface toxicity that may decrease glaucoma therapy compliance. The ocular hypotensive effect, pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, and local tolerance of a preservative-free latanoprost 0.005% cationic emulsion (Catioprost(®)), and a BAK-preserved latanoprost 0.

Effect of SPP 635, a renin inhibitor, on intraocular pressure in glaucomatous monkey eyes.

The effect of topical application of SPP 635, a renin inhibitor, on intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated in the eyes of monkeys with laser induced unilateral glaucoma. A multiple-dose study was performed in 8 glaucomatous monkey eyes with 3 concentrations of SPP 635, 0.2%, 0.

Effect of SPP 301, an endothelin antagonist, on intraocular pressure in glaucomatous monkey eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of topical application of avosentan (SPP 301), endothelin receptor type A antagonist, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in monkey eyes with laser-induced unilateral glaucoma.

Materials And Methods: A multiple-dose study was performed in eight glaucomatous monkey eyes that were topically treated with SPP 301 by applying a 50 µl drop (25 µl × 2) at 9:30 a.m.

Effect of flunarizine, a calcium channel blocker, on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of flunarizine, a nonselective calcium channel blocker, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in monkeys with laser-induced unilateral glaucoma and on aqueous humor dynamics in normal monkeys.

Methods: The IOP was measured before and hourly for 6 hours after single-dose administration of 0.5%, 1%, or 2% flunarizine to the glaucomatous eye of 8 monkeys with unilateral laser-induced glaucoma.

Effect of 15-keto latanoprost on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in monkey eyes.

Purpose: To compare the ocular hypotensive effects of 15-keto latanoprost (KL) with the commercial preparation of latanoprost (Xalatan; Pfizer, New York, NY) in monkey eyes with laser-induced unilateral glaucoma and to evaluate the effects of topical 0.005% KL on aqueous humor dynamics in normal monkey eyes.

Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured hourly for 6 hours beginning at 9:30 AM on day 1 (untreated baseline); day 2 (vehicle only); and treatment days 1, 3, and 5 (topical, 30 microL of study drug) in the glaucomatous eyes of four to eight monkeys with unilateral laser-induced glaucoma.

Complement component 1Q (C1Q) upregulation in retina of murine, primate, and human glaucomatous eyes.

Purpose: Complement has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether complement activation is part of the pathogenesis of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in glaucoma.

Methods: mRNA and protein was extracted from the retina and brain of DBA/2 and C57/BL6 mice and subjected to RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, respectively.

Effect of CS-088, an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, on intraocular pressure in glaucomatous monkey eyes.

To evaluate the effect of CS-088, an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in monkey eyes with unilateral laser-induced glaucoma. A multiple-dose study was performed in 8 glaucomatous monkey eyes. One 50 microl drop of CS-088, 2% or 4%, was topically applied to the glaucomatous eye at 9:30 a.

Additivity of bimatoprost or travoprost to latanoprost in glaucomatous monkey eyes.

Objective: To compare the ocular hypotensive effect of the commercially available preparations of bimatoprost or travoprost added to latanoprost in monkey eyes with laser-induced unilateral glaucoma.

Methods: Four monkeys with unilateral laser-induced glaucoma were used in each treatment group and received drops in the glaucomatous eye only. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured hourly for 6 hours, beginning at 9:30 am on day 1 (untreated baseline), days 6 and 7 (single-agent therapy), and days 13 and 14 (2-drug combination therapy).

Effect of 5-MCA-NAT, a putative melatonin MT3 receptor agonist, on intraocular pressure in glaucomatous monkey eyes.

Purpose: 5-MCA-NAT, a putative melatonin MT3 receptor agonist, reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) in ocular normotensive rabbit eyes. This study evaluates the effect of topical application of 5-MCA-NAT on IOP in monkey eyes with laser-induced unilateral glaucoma.

Methods: A multiple-dose study was performed in 8 glaucomatous monkey eyes.

Effects of topical H-7 on outflow facility, intraocular pressure, and corneal thickness in monkeys.

Objectives: To determine if low concentrations of H-7 (1-[5-isoquinoline sulfonyl]-2-methyl piperazine) topically applied to the eye increases outflow facility and decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) without affecting the cornea in monkeys, and to evaluate if the effect of H-7 on IOP is pressure dependent.

Methods: Single or multiple doses of 5% H-7 or vehicle (20 micro L) were administered topically to opposite eyes of normal monkeys. A single dose of 2% H-7 or vehicle (50 micro L) was administered to the glaucomatous eye of monkeys with laser-induced unilateral glaucoma, with vehicle on day 1 and H-7 on day 2.

Effect of WIN 55212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of WIN 55212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in normal monkeys and monkeys with glaucoma.

Methods: Intraocular pressure was measured prior to and up to 6 hours after the topical administration of WIN 55212-2 to 1 eye of 5 normal monkeys and to the glaucomatous eye of 8 monkeys with unilateral laser-induced glaucoma. Tonographic outflow facility and fluorophotometric flow rates of aqueous humor were measured in 6 normal monkeys before and after treatment.