Fever Promotes T Lymphocyte Trafficking via a Thermal Sensory Pathway Involving Heat Shock Protein 90 and α4 Integrins.

Fever is an evolutionarily conserved response that confers survival benefits during infection. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here, we report that fever promoted T lymphocyte trafficking through heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)-induced α4 integrin activation and signaling in T cells.

A Novel Mutation in the Pyrin Domain of the NOD-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing Protein 3 in Muckle-Wells Syndrome.

Background: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a group of rare, heterogeneous autoinflammatory disease characterized by interleukin (IL)-1β-mediated systemic inflammation and clinical symptoms involving skin, joints, central nervous system, and eyes. It encompasses a spectrum of three clinically overlapping autoinflammatory syndromes including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease. CAPS is associated with gain-of-function missense mutations in NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), the gene encoding NLRP3.

Pathogenic mechanisms of the oncoprotein CagA in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer (Review).

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for the development of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The majority of the H. pylori-infected population remains asymptomatic, and only 1% of individuals may progress to gastric cancer.

Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common carcinoma and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes a series of precancerous lesions like gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, and is the strongest known risk factor for GC, as supported by epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies.

The conformational states of talin autoinhibition complex and its activation under forces.

Talin is an integrin-binding protein located at focal adhesion site and serves as both an adapter and a force transmitter. Its integrin binding activity is regulated by the intramolecular autoinhibition interaction between its F3 and RS domains. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to measure the strength of talin autoinhibition complex.

Streptomyces coelicolor SCO4226 is a nickel binding protein.

The open reading frame SCO4226 of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) encodes an 82-residue hypothetical protein. Biochemical assays revealed that each SCO4226 dimer binds four nickel ions. To decipher the molecular function, we solved the crystal structures of SCO4226 in both apo- and nickel-bound (Ni-SCO4226) forms at 1.

Structure of cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) trapped in different conformations using nanobodies.

GAK (cyclin G-associated kinase) is a key regulator of clathrin-coated vesicle trafficking and plays a central role during development. Additionally, due to the unusually high plasticity of its catalytic domain, it is a frequent 'off-target' of clinical kinase inhibitors associated with respiratory side effects of these drugs. In the present paper, we determined the crystal structure of the GAK catalytic domain alone and in complex with specific single-chain antibodies (nanobodies).

Structural insight into enhanced calcium indicator GCaMP3 and GCaMPJ to promote further improvement.

Genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicators (GECI) are important for the measurement of Ca(2+) in vivo. GCaMP2, a widely-used GECI, has recently been iteratively improved. Among the improved variants, GCaMP3 exhibits significantly better fluorescent intensity.

Mutation of iceA in Helicobacter pylori compromised IL-8 induction from human gastric epithelial cells.

IceA of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been suggested as a virulence factor for the bacteria, but its pathogenic role remains unelucidated. Here, we examined the effect of iceA mutation on the secretion of IL-8 by human gastric epithelial cells.

Structural and biochemical characterization of yeast monothiol glutaredoxin Grx6.

Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are a ubiquitous family of proteins that reduce disulfide bonds in substrate proteins using electrons from reduced glutathione (GSH). The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx6 is a monothiol Grx that is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments. Grx6 consists of three segments, a putative signal peptide (M1-I36), an N-terminal domain (K37-T110), and a C-terminal Grx domain (K111-N231, designated Grx6C).

Crystal structure of Bacillus anthracis transpeptidase enzyme CapD.

Bacillus anthracis elaborates a poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid capsule that protects bacilli from phagocytic killing during infection. The enzyme CapD generates amide bonds with peptidoglycan cross-bridges to anchor capsular material within the cell wall envelope of B. anthracis.

Mutation of cytotoxin-associated gene A affects expressions of antioxidant proteins of Helicobacter pylori.

Aim: To determine if disruption of the cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) has an effect on the expression of other proteins at proteome level.

Methods: Construction of a cagA knock out mutant Hp27_Delta cagA (cagA(-)) via homologous recombination with the wild-type strain Hp27 (cagA(+)) as a recipient was performed. The method of sonication-urea-CHAPS-DTT was employed to extract bacterial proteins from both strains.

The Structural Biology Center 19ID undulator beamline: facility specifications and protein crystallographic results.

The 19ID undulator beamline of the Structure Biology Center has been designed and built to take full advantage of the high flux, brilliance and quality of X-ray beams delivered by the Advanced Photon Source. The beamline optics are capable of delivering monochromatic X-rays with photon energies from 3.5 to 20 keV (3.

Functional similarities between phage lambda Orf and Escherichia coli RecFOR in initiation of genetic exchange.

Genetic recombination in bacteriophage lambda relies on DNA end processing by Exo to expose 3'-tailed strands for annealing and exchange by beta protein. Phage lambda encodes an additional recombinase, Orf, which participates in the early stages of recombination by supplying a function equivalent to the Escherichia coli RecFOR complex. These host enzymes assist loading of the RecA strand exchange protein onto ssDNA coated with ssDNA-binding protein.

The structure and ligand binding properties of the B. subtilis YkoF gene product, a member of a novel family of thiamin/HMP-binding proteins.

The crystal structure of the Bacillus subtilis YkoF gene product, a protein involved in the hydroxymethyl pyrimidine (HMP) salvage pathway, was solved by the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method and refined with data extending to 1.65 A resolution. The atomic model of the protein shows a homodimeric association of two polypeptide chains, each containing an internal repeat of a ferredoxin-like betaalphabetabetaalphabeta fold, as seen in the ACT and RAM-domains.

The 2.2 A resolution structure of RpiB/AlsB from Escherichia coli illustrates a new approach to the ribose-5-phosphate isomerase reaction.

Ribose-5-phosphate isomerases (EC 5.3.1.

Crystal structure of Enterococcus faecalis SlyA-like transcriptional factor.

The crystal structure of a SlyA transcriptional regulator at 1.6 A resolution is presented, and structural relationships between members of the MarR/SlyA family are discussed. The SlyA family, which includes SlyA, Rap, Hor, and RovA proteins, is widely distributed in bacterial and archaeal genomes.

Structure of Escherichia coli ribose-5-phosphate isomerase: a ubiquitous enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle.

Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RpiA; EC 5.3.1.

Archaeal surface layer proteins contain beta propeller, PKD, and beta helix domains and are related to metazoan cell surface proteins.

The surface layer of archaeobacteria protects cells from extreme environments and, in Methanosarcina, may regulate cell adhesion. We identify three domain types that account for the complete architecture of numerous Methanosarcina surface layer proteins (SLPs). We solve the crystal structure for two of these domains, which correspond to the two N-terminal domains of an M.

Structure of a bacterial quorum-sensing transcription factor complexed with pheromone and DNA.

Many proteobacteria are able to monitor their population densities through the release of pheromones known as N-acylhomoserine lactones. At high population densities, these pheromones elicit diverse responses that include bioluminescence, biofilm formation, production of antimicrobials, DNA exchange, pathogenesis and symbiosis. Many of these regulatory systems require a pheromone-dependent transcription factor similar to the LuxR protein of Vibrio fischeri.