-Derived Exosome-like Nanovesicles Alleviate Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Promoting Mitophagy and Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects approximately one-quarter of the world's adult population, and no effective therapeutic drugs are available. is a fungus used as a herb and food nutrient for centuries as well as for MAFLD treatment. Exosome-like nanovesicles have many pharmacological activities; however, studies on the effects of -derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PCELNs) on MAFLD are lacking.

Hydroxychloroquine and a low antiresorptive activity bisphosphonate conjugate prevent and reverse ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice through dual antiresorptive and anabolic effects.

Osteoporosis remains incurable. The most widely used antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates (BPs), also inhibit bone formation, while the anabolic agent, teriparatide, does not inhibit bone resorption, and thus they have limited efficacy in preventing osteoporotic fractures and cause some side effects. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop dual antiresorptive and anabolic agents to prevent and treat osteoporosis.

Chimeric antigen receptor dendritic cells targeted delivery of a single tumoricidal factor for cancer immunotherapy.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have been used to treat blood cancers by producing a wide variety of cytokines. However, they are not effective in treating solid cancers and can cause severe side-effects, including cytokine release syndrome. TNFα is a tumoricidal cytokine, but it markedly increases the protein levels of cIAP1 and cIAP2, the members of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family of E3 ubiquitin ligase that limits caspase-induced apoptosis.

Hydroxychloroquine and a low activity bisphosphonate conjugate prevent and reverse ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice through dual antiresorptive and anabolic effects.

Osteoporosis is incurable because there are no dual antiresorptive and anabolic therapeutic agents that can be administered long-term. The most widely used antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates (BPs), also inhibit bone formation and thus have limited effect in preventing osteoporotic fracture. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, prevents the lysosomal degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), an NF-κB adaptor protein that limits bone resorption and maintains bone formation.

Health Service Use and Costs During Pregnancy Among Privately Insured Individuals With Congenital Heart Disease.

Importance: Individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) are increasingly reaching childbearing age, are more prone to adverse pregnancy events, and uncommonly undergo recommended cardiac evaluations. Data to better understand resource allocation and financial planning are lacking.

Objective: To examine health care use and costs for patients with CHD during pregnancy.

(±)-Involucrasin D, a pair of enantiomeric bisflavonoid from the roots of and its anti-inflammatory activity.

An undescribed bisflavonoid, named involucrasin D (), along with two known flavonoids, 2(S)7,3',5'-trihydroxydihydroflavone () and sigmone () were isolated from the roots of . A further chiral separation of to yielded a pair of enantiomers (+)- and (-)-. The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses and electron circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

Cutaneous melanocytic tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion: a case report.

Background: Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 Fusion (CMTCT) represents a novel and rare entity in the realm of dermatological oncology, characterized by distinct melanocytic differentiation. This particular tumor type has yet to be officially recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). CMTCT is generally perceived as a tumor with a relatively indolent nature; however, it is not devoid of metastatic potential.

Anlotinib plus camrelizumab achieved long-term survival in a patient with metastatic esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. The average overall survival of patients with metastatic disease is only 1 year. The efficacy of anti-angiogenic agents combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors remains unknown.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of HongTeng Decoction against Inflammation based on Network Analysis and Experiments Validation.

Background: HongTeng Decoction (HTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat bacterial infections and chronic inflammation. However, its pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Here, network pharmacology and experimental verification were applied to investigate the drug targets and potential mechanisms of HTD in inflammation treatment.

Camrelizumab Plus Apatinib and Temozolomide as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Acral Melanoma: The CAP 03 Phase 2 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Acral melanoma, known for low tumor mutation burden, responds poorly to immunotherapy. A standard therapy is still lacking.

Objective: To investigate the activity and safety of camrelizumab (an anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody) plus apatinib (a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor) and temozolomide as first-line treatment in patients with advanced acral melanoma.

Study on the dynamic variation of the secondary metabolites in Viscum coloratum using targeted metabolomics.

Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai is a well-known medicinal plant. However, the optimal harvest time for V.

Reply to "Comment on: 'Isolating Vibrational Polariton 2D-IR Transmission Spectra'".

In a Comment on our recent Letter, the authors take issue with our method of refining 2D-IR transmission spectra to remove a background contribution that arises from nonpolaritonic molecules in the cavity. In our response to their Comment, we describe how our approach was motivated by the previous work of the authors, and we present a spatially dependent molecule-cavity Tavis-Cummings model that can account for the significant response from localized molecules with nonzero oscillator strengths. The telltale signature of the localized molecule response is the spectral diffusion dynamics of the bare W(CO) molecules in the polar butyl acetate solvent.

TGFβ1CCR5 neutrophil subset increases in bone marrow and causes age-related osteoporosis in male mice.

TGFβ1 induces age-related bone loss by promoting degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), levels of which decrease in murine and human bone during aging. We report that a subset of neutrophils (TGFβ1CCR5) is the major source of TGFβ1 in murine bone. Their numbers are increased in bone marrow (BM) of aged wild-type mice and adult mice with TRAF3 conditionally deleted in mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), associated with increased expression in BM of the chemokine, CCL5, suggesting that TRAF3 in MPCs limits TGFβ1CCR5 neutrophil numbers in BM of young mice.

Lipopolysaccharide sensitizes the therapeutic response of breast cancer to IAP antagonist.

Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) is a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases functioning to support cancer survival and growth. Many small-molecule IAP antagonists have been developed, aiming to degrade IAP proteins to kill cancer. We have evaluated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the bacterial outer membrane, on IAP antagonists in treating breast cancer in a mouse model to guide future clinical trials.

The effect of compatibility of Aconiti Radix and honey on the pharmacokinetics of five Aconitum alkaloids in rat plasma.

Aconiti Radix [Chuanwu (CW)] is widely used to treat chronic and intractable diseases due to its remarkable curative effect. CW has been combined with honey for thousands of years to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. This study first determined the compatibility mechanism of CW with honey using a comparative pharmacokinetic concept.

Elevated serum CEA is associated with liver metastasis and distinctive circulating tumor DNA alterations in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is used to identify "treatment emergent" forms of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) such as aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC). However, its individual utility as a prognostic marker and the genetic alterations associated with its expression have not been extensively studied in CRPC.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes and circulating tumor DNA profiles in 163 patients with CRPC and elevated or normal serum CEA.

Plumbagin is a NF-κB-inducing kinase inhibitor with dual anabolic and antiresorptive effects that prevents menopausal-related osteoporosis in mice.

Osteoporosis is caused by enhanced bone resorption and relatively reduced bone formation. There is an unmet need to develop new agents with both antiresorptive and anabolic effects to treat osteoporosis, although drugs with either effect alone are available. A small molecular compound, plumbagin, was reported to inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclast (OC) differentiation by inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation-mediated canonical NF-κB activation.

SLPI suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression via endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) has been reported to function as a regulatory factor in several cancers. However, its biological functions and underlying mechanisms in HCC remain to be uncovered.

Identification of raloxifene as a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor using a systematic drug repurposing approach in combination with cross molecular docking-based virtual screening and experimental verification.

α-Glucosidase is a promising target for the treatment of diabetes. Drug repurposing can increase the chances of discovering an active inhibitor. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential α-glucosidase inhibitor using drug repurposing and in silico strategies.

Isolating Polaritonic 2D-IR Transmission Spectra.

Strong coupling between vibrational transitions in molecules within a resonant optical microcavity leads to the formation of collective, delocalized vibrational polaritons. There are many potential applications of "polaritonic chemistry", ranging from modified chemical reactivity to quantum information processing. One challenge in obtaining the polaritonic response is removing a background contribution due to the uncoupled molecules that generate an ordinary 2D-IR spectrum whose amplitude is filtered by the polariton transmission spectrum.

TNF-Polarized Macrophages Produce Insulin-like 6 Peptide to Stimulate Bone Formation in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice.

The risk of osteoporosis is increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy has markedly improved the outcomes of RA patients but does not improve osteoporosis in some reports. This could be a combined result of disease severity and other therapeutic agents, such as glucocorticoids that accelerate osteoporosis progression.