Recent advances in the biosynthesis and production optimization of gentamicin: A critical review.

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is generated by a few species within the genus and has garnered significant attention due to its broad-spectrum efficacy in combating numerous infectious diseases. Comprising a complex array of closely related aminoglycoside compounds, the gentamicin B and C complexes emerge as particularly pertinent in clinical contexts. This review outlines the latest advancements in the biosynthesis and production of gentamicin, commencing with a comprehensive overview of its biosynthetic pathway.

A multitasking functional group leads to structural diversity using designer C-H activation reaction cascades.

The C-H activation strategy has become one of the preferred methods to introduce chemical functionality to a chemically inert carbon atom. Intensive efforts have been devoted to developing either versatile bond formations (product structural diversity) or effective directing groups (substrate site selectivity). From the views of medicinal and synthetic practitioners, the C-H activation approach remains inadequate due to its limitation to point-to-point derivatization.

Activation of C-H bonds in nitrones leads to iridium hydrides with antitumor activity.

We report the design and synthesis of a series of new cyclometalated iridium hydrides derived from the C-H bond activation of aromatic nitrones and the biological evaluation of these iridium hydrides as antitumor agents. The nitrone ligands are based on the structure of a popular antioxidant, α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). Compared to cisplatin, the iridium hydrides exhibit excellent antitumor activity on HepG2 cells.