Superficial Papular Neuroma: Two Cases of a Distinctive Dermal Neoplasm.

Superficial papular neuroma is a rare cutaneous spindle cell lesion, with only 5 cases reported in 2 studies. We document 2 additional cases in a 45-year-old man and a 43-year-old woman (the first case identified in a woman). Clinically, superficial papular neuromas appear as a single, non-specific papule on the head, neck, or back.

Cutaneous Seeding of Glioblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We present the case of a 61-year-old male patient with a history of intracranial IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with an isolated cutaneous metastasis within the previous surgical site scar. The cytomorphology of the cutaneous deposits was reminiscent of metastatic melanoma, which is a differential diagnostic pitfall. The tumor molecular characteristics are described, as these have become essential diagnostic criteria for many central nervous system tumors, along with a discussion of the role of immunohistochemical markers and potential pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of melanoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma.

Idiopathic Lichenoid and Granulomatous Vulvitis: A Distinct Clinicopathological Entity.

The combination of lichenoid and granulomatous inflammation is uncommon in vulval biopsies. We present a series of 5 patients with lichenoid and granulomatous vulvitis, presenting with clinical changes resembling lichen sclerosus. Despite detailed clinicopathological investigation and follow-up, there was no apparent association with an underlying recognized cause.

MyD88 is an essential component of retinoic acid-induced differentiation in human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells.

We have previously reported that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is downregulated during all-trans retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of pluripotent NTera2 human embryonal carcinoma cells (hECCs), whereas its maintained expression is associated with RA differentiation resistance in nullipotent 2102Ep hECCs. MyD88 is the main adapter for toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, where it determines the secretion of chemokines and cytokines in response to pathogens. In this study, we report that loss of MyD88 is essential for RA-facilitated differentiation of hECCs.