A Systematic Review and Delphi Study to Ascertain Common Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dementia and Brain-Related Complications of Diabetes in Adults.

Objectives: Both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dementia have multifactorial etiologies. Both are associated with aging and have well-recognized lifestyle, cardiovascular and psychosocial risk factors. However, uncertainty exists in the literature with regard to: 1) the potentially modifiable risk factors common to both dementia and T2DM, and 2) the risk of brain-related complications in those with established diabetes.

Acute ischaemic stroke: a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of emergency endovascular therapy using mechanical thrombectomy.

Purpose: Although good evidence exists regarding the clinical effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy for people with acute ischaemic stroke, cost-effectiveness should also be considered. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence of cost-effectiveness of emergency endovascular therapy using mechanical thrombectomy in the management of acute ischaemic stroke.

Methods: The search was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and a grey literature search.

A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of emergency endovascular therapy using mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke: implications for service delivery.

Background: Twelve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing mechanical thrombectomy against traditional treatment options for patients experiencing acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) have been published.

Aims: To evaluate whether this technology is more effective and/or safer than traditional treatment options and to assess the potential for implementation of this technology as a treatment strategy for acute ischaemic stroke in Ireland.

Methods: RCTs published up to February 2017 were included.

Physical activity and mental health in an Irish population.

Background: Physical activity represents a modifiable behaviour which may be associated with increased likelihood of experiencing positive mental health.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the association between self-rated physical activity and subjective indicators of both positive and negative mental health in an Irish adult population.

Methods: Based on data from a population-based, observational, cross-sectional study, participants were categorised using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) into those who reported that they did and did not meet recommended physical activity requirements.

Ten years of cardiac arrest resuscitation in Irish general practice.

Aim: The aim of this study is to establish the role and outcome of general practitioner (GP) involvement in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation in the Republic of Ireland.

Methods: A ten year prospective observational study involving a cohort of Irish general practices.

Setting: 521 general practice settings distributed throughout the Republic of Ireland, representing approximately one quarter of all practices and a third of Irish GPs.

Chemsex, risk behaviours and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Drug use for or during sex ('chemsex') among MSM has caused concern, because of the direct effects of the drugs themselves, and because of an increased risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of chemsex, associated behaviours and STIs among attendees at Ireland's only MSM-specific sexual health clinic in Dublin over a six week period in 2016.

Methods: The questionnaire collected demographic data, information on sexuality and sexual practice, self-reported history of treatment for STIs, and chemsex use.

Public knowledge and understanding of dementia-evidence from a national survey in Ireland.

Background: there is growing consensus around the importance of population level approaches which seek to improve public knowledge and awareness of dementia.

Aim: to assess knowledge of the relationship between dementia and ageing, and of the risk and protective factors associated with it, among the general public in Ireland.

Design: cross-sectional survey.

An ongoing measles outbreak linked to a suspected imported case, Ireland, April to June 2016.

We report an outbreak of measles which started in April 2016 and which, by 13 June, has resulted in 22 confirmed and five probable measles cases occurring in four regions of Ireland. Genotype B3 was identified. We describe the identification, ongoing investigation and control measures being implemented.

Injection of new psychoactive substance snow blow associated with recently acquired HIV infections among homeless people who inject drugs in Dublin, Ireland, 2015.

In February 2015, an outbreak of recently acquired HIV infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) was identified in Dublin, following similar outbreaks in Greece and Romania in 2011. We compared drug and risk behaviours among 15 HIV cases and 39 controls. Injecting a synthetic cathinone, snow blow, was associated with recent HIV infection (AOR: 49; p=0.

Type 2 Diabetes Research Yield, 1951-2012: Bibliometrics Analysis and Density-Equalizing Mapping.

The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed evaluation of type 2 diabetes mellitus research output from 1951-2012, using large-scale data analysis, bibliometric indicators and density-equalizing mapping. Data were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded database, one of the seven curated databases within Web of Science. Using Boolean operators "OR", "AND" and "NOT", a search strategy was developed to estimate the total number of published items.

Impact of extent of parotid resection on postoperative wound complications: a prospective study.

Background: Sialocele and salivary fistula are common complications after parotidectomy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether extent of parotidectomy influences the incidence of these complications.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 66 consecutive parotidectomies.

Prophylactic total thyroidectomy using the minimally invasive video-assisted approach in children with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2.

Background: There have been few reports of prophylactic thyroidectomy using the minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) approach in children with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent MIVAT for total thyroidectomy.

Results: Six children underwent MIVAT; RET codon mutations identified were 634, 620, 611, and 918.

Publication patterns on neonatal surgery over 65 years.

Background/purpose: Staying abreast of the literature in a given speciality is difficult. The aim of this study is to analyze the publication patterns of the neonatal surgical literature over the last six decades.

Materials: A search strategy for the Web of Science database was designed using MeSH defined terms for 10 index neonatal surgical conditions, with output analyzed over two time-periods.

Patterns of Internet and smartphone use by parents of children attending a pediatric otolaryngology service.

Objectives: To assess Internet use and the influence of smartphones on health-information seeking by parents and carers of children with ENT conditions.

Methods: A paper-based questionnaire was circulated to parents attending otolaryngology services in both the out-patient and day-case settings at a tertiary referral centre.

Results: 79.

Surgical mentors and role models: prevalence, importance and associated traits.

Background: Role models and mentors play an important part in attracting undergraduates into various medical specialties. However, little is known about the part played by role models and mentors in the context of surgery. The aim of this survey was to elucidate medical students' and surgical trainees' experiences of role models and to determine how mentoring works in practice.

Laryngeal cancer: quantitative and qualitative assessment of research output, 1945-2010.

Objectives/hypothesis: To provide an in-depth evaluation of research yield in laryngeal cancer from 1945 to 2010, using large-scale data analysis, employment of bibliometric indicators of production and quality, and density equalizing mapping.

Study Design: Bibliometic analysis incorporating the Web of Science Database.

Methods: The search strategy employed was as follows; "TS = ((Laryngeal Neoplasm$) OR (Larynx Neoplasm$) OR (Larynx Cancer$) OR (Laryngeal Cancer$)).

Expression levels of HER2/neu and those of collocated genes at 17q12-21, in breast cancer.

HER2/neu is associated with poorer clinical outcome in breast cancer. Expression patterns of co-localised cancer-associated genes at 17q12-21 were examined using RT-PCR. The study group consisted of a 96-patient cohort.

Supraclavicular scalenectomy for thoracic outlet syndrome--functional outcomes assessed using the DASH scoring system.

Introduction: To evaluate supraclavicular scalenectomy ± cervical rib excision for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), employing Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scoring for functional assessment post-decompression.

Methods: A QuickDASH score was calculated for each patient using the algorithm: ([sum of responses/n] - 1) × 25, where n = number of completed responses. Nonparametric analysis was employed, with significance defined as P ≤ .

Locoregional recurrence after breast cancer surgery: a systematic review by receptor phenotype.

Molecular subtyping confirms that breast cancer comprises at least four genetically distinct entities based on the expression of specific genes including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu receptor. The quantitative influence of subtype on ipsilateral locoregional recurrence (LRR) is unknown. The aim of this study was to systematically appraise the influence of breast cancer subtype on LRR following breast conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy.

The effect of breast cancer awareness month on internet search activity--a comparison with awareness campaigns for lung and prostate cancer.

Background: This work aimed to assess the effects of the annual breast cancer awareness campaign on internet search activity, and to compare these effects with those of similar campaigns in prostate and lung cancer. We further aimed to assess overall levels of online activity relating to all three neoplasms between 2004 and 2009.

Methods: Google Insights for Search was employed to examine search trends for the term "breast cancer", across all Google domains between January 2004 and December 2009 (6 years).

Younger age as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer: a cohort study.

Background: The debate continues as to whether younger women who present with breast cancer have a more aggressive form of disease and a worse prognosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of breast cancer in women under 40 years old and to analyse the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome compared to an older patient cohort.

Methods: Data was acquired from a review of charts and the prospectively reviewed GUH Department of Surgery database.

TOP2A amplification in the absence of that of HER-2/neu: toward individualization of chemotherapeutic practice in breast cancer.

Primary Objective: To investigate the relationship between human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2/neu and the gene encoding topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) in breast cancer, while elucidating their association with clinicopathological variables.

Methods: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) was performed on a 96-patient study group to assess gene amplification, and levels were determined using the comparative cycle threshold approach and Taqman assays. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) microarray (n = 76) was then employed to check for correlation between gene amplification and protein expression levels.

Interns' attitudes to IV cannulation: a KAP study.

Unlabelled: One of the most common procedures for junior medical doctors is peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC). Considering this, an understanding of the peripheral intravenous cannulation procedure is paramount.

Aim: The objective of this study was to identify the level of understanding of interns regarding intravenous cannulation.

Breast cancer research output, 1945-2008: a bibliometric and density-equalizing analysis.

Ntroduction: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women, with an estimated 194,280 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 2009 alone. The primary aim of this work was to provide an in-depth evaluation of research yield in breast cancer from 1945 to 2008, using large-scale data analysis, the employment of bibliometric indicators of production and quality, and density-equalizing mapping.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) Science Citation Expanded database; this was searched using the Boolean operator, 'OR', with different terms related to breast cancer, including "breast cancer", "mammary ductal carcinoma" and "breast tumour".