The public health significance of prior homelessness: findings on multimorbidity and mental health from a nationally representative survey.

Aims: The associations of prior homelessness with current health are unknown. Using nationally representative data collected in private households in England, this study aimed to examine Common Mental Disorders (CMDs), physical health, alcohol/substance dependence, and multimorbidities in people who formerly experienced homelessness compared to people who never experienced homelessness.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilised data from the 2007 and 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys.

Investigating changes in mental illness stigma and discrimination after the Time to Change programme in England.

Background: Between 2008 and 2019, we reported positive change relating to mental health stigma and discrimination among the adult population of England, supporting the effectiveness of the Time to Change campaign.

Aims: Using data from the Attitudes to Mental Illness survey (2008/2009 to 2023), we investigated the extent to which positive changes in stigma were sustained by 2023, 2 years after the programme's end in 2021.

Method: We used regression analyses to evaluate trends in outcomes.

Validation of the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4-J) to screen for depression and anxiety.

Objective: We aimed to validate the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4-J). People in Japan, especially healthcare workers (HCWs) suffer from high rates of mental health symptoms. The PHQ-4 is an established ultra-brief mental health measure used in various settings, populations and languages.

Caregiver burden in informal spousal caregivers predicts psychological and physical health in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a longitudinal clinical cohort study.

Previous research has shown that informal caregiver burden can have deleterious effects on patient recovery; however, this relationship has yet to be investigated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This study aimed to examine the impact of the change of caregiver burden from pre- to post-surgery on patients' mental and physical health after CABG surgery. Ninety patient-caregiver dyads were assessed one month before the surgery, two months and one year after the surgery.

Investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on recovery colleges: multi-site qualitative study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems increased as access to mental health services reduced. Recovery colleges are recovery-focused adult education initiatives delivered by people with professional and lived mental health expertise. Designed to be collaborative and inclusive, they were uniquely positioned to support people experiencing mental health problems during the pandemic.

The impact of gardening on well-being, mental health, and quality of life: an umbrella review and meta-analysis.

Background: Gardening and horticultural therapy (HT) has been widely recognised as a multicomponent approach that has affected a broad range of health and well-being outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review and meta-analysis was to compare the findings of previous reviews on the impact of multiple gardening interventions and gardening attributes on different well-being constructs.

Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to December 2022.

The Prevalence of Behavioural Symptoms and Psychiatric Disorders in Hadza Children.

The worldwide pooled prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children is 13.4%. Studying the prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorders across radically different economic systems and social structures could indicate universal factors leading to their development.

Reconsidering the Use of Population Health Surveys for Monitoring of Mental Health.

Monitoring of the mental health status of the population and assessment of its determinants are 2 of the most relevant pillars of public mental health, and data from population health surveys could be instrumental to support them. Although these surveys could be an important and suitable resource for these purposes, due to different limitations and challenges, they are often relegated to the background behind other data sources, such as electronic health records. These limitations and challenges include those related to measurement properties and cross-cultural validity of the tools used for the assessment of mental disorders, their degree of representativeness, and possible difficulties in the linkage with other data sources.

Prevalence and variability of depressive symptoms in Europe: update using representative data from the second and third waves of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS-2 and EHIS-3).

Background: Assessing the prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms and their possible variation by country and over time could be a valuable resource to inform the development of public health policies and preventive resources to reduce mental health burden. We aimed to assess cross-national differences in the point prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in Europe in 2018-20, and to evaluate point prevalence differences between countries and over time between 2013-15 and 2018-20.

Methods: In this population-based study, data from participants in the second and third waves of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS-2 from 2013 to 2015 and EHIS-3 from 2018 to 2020) from 30 European countries were used (n=542 580).

Organisational and student characteristics, fidelity, funding models, and unit costs of recovery colleges in 28 countries: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Recovery colleges were developed in England to support the recovery of individuals who have mental health symptoms or mental illness. They have been founded in many countries but there has been little international research on recovery colleges and no studies investigating their staffing, fidelity, or costs. We aimed to characterise recovery colleges internationally, to understand organisational and student characteristics, fidelity, and budget.

Associations between air pollution and mental health service use in dementia: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Little is known about the role of air pollution in how people with dementia use mental health services.

Objective: We examined longitudinal associations between air pollution exposure and mental health service use in people with dementia.

Methods: In 5024 people aged 65 years or older with dementia in South London, high resolution estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO) and particulate matter (PM and PM) levels in ambient air were linked to residential addresses.

Reliability and cross-country equivalence of the 8-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) for the assessment of depression: results from 27 countries in Europe.

Background: The 8-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) is one of the self-reported questionnaires most frequently used worldwide for the screening and severity assessment of depression. However, in some European countries its reliability is unknown, and it is unclear whether its psychometric properties vary between European countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the internal structure, reliability and cross-country equivalence of the PHQ-8 in Europe.

Who uses recovery colleges? Casemix analysis of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and representativeness of recovery college students.

Objective: Recovery Colleges support recovery for adults with mental health problems, through coproduction and education principles. This study aimed to determine whether students at three Recovery Colleges in England were representative of mental health service users.

Methods: Gender, age, ethnicity, diagnosis, involuntary detention, and inpatient admission were extracted from clinical records.

Evidence-based Recovery Colleges: developing a typology based on organisational characteristics, fidelity and funding.

Purpose: Recovery Colleges (RCs) have been implemented across England with wide variation in organisational characteristics. The purpose of this study is to describe RCs across England in terms of organisational and student characteristics, fidelity and annual spending, to generate a RC typology based on characteristics and to explore the relationship between characteristics and fidelity.

Methods: All RC in England meeting criteria on recovery orientation, coproduction and adult learning were included.

The relationship between air pollution and multimorbidity: Can two birds be killed with the same stone?

Air pollution and multimorbidity are two of the most important challenges for Public Health worldwide. Although there is a large body of evidence linking air pollution with the development of different single chronic conditions, the evidence about the relationship between air pollution and multimorbidity (the co-occurrence of multiple long-term conditions) is sparse. To obtain evidence about this relationship could be challenging and different aspects should be considered, such as its multifaceted and complex nature, the specific pollutants and their potential influence on health, their levels of exposure over time, or the data that could be used for its study.

Associations between air pollution and multimorbidity in the UK Biobank: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Long-term exposure to air pollution concentrations is known to be adversely associated with a broad range of single non-communicable diseases, but its role in multimorbidity has not been investigated in the UK. We aimed to assess associations between long-term air pollution exposure and multimorbidity status, severity, and patterns using the UK Biobank cohort.

Methods: Multimorbidity status was calculated based on 41 physical and mental conditions.

Ethnic differences in physical and mental multimorbidity in working age adults with a history of depression and/or anxiety.

Background: The current study used data from an ethnically diverse population from South London to examine ethnic differences in physical and mental multimorbidity among working age (18-64 years) adults in the context of depression and anxiety.

Method: The study included 44 506 patients who had previously attended Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services in the London Borough of Lambeth. Multinomial logistic regression examined cross-sectional associations between ethnicity with physical and mental multimorbidity.

Recovery Colleges Characterisation and Testing in England (RECOLLECT): rationale and protocol.

Background: Recovery Colleges are a relatively recent initiative within mental health services. The first opened in 2009 in London and since then numbers have grown. They are based on principles of personal recovery in mental health, co-production between people with lived experience of mental health problems and professionals, and adult learning.

Multimorbidity clusters among people with serious mental illness: a representative primary and secondary data linkage cohort study.

Background: People with serious mental illness (SMI) experience higher mortality partially attributable to higher long-term condition (LTC) prevalence. However, little is known about multiple LTCs (MLTCs) clustering in this population.

Methods: People from South London with SMI and two or more existing LTCs aged 18+ at diagnosis were included using linked primary and mental healthcare records, 2012-2020.

Using Structural Equation Modelling in Routine Clinical Data on Diabetes and Depression: Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Large data sets comprising routine clinical data are becoming increasingly available for use in health research. These data sets contain many clinical variables that might not lend themselves to use in research. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is a statistical technique that might allow for the creation of "research-friendly" clinical constructs from these routine clinical variables and therefore could be an appropriate analytic method to apply more widely to routine clinical data.

Prospective associations between depression and risk of hospitalisation for infection: Findings from the UK Biobank.

Background: Associations between depression and non-communicable disease have been well-described. However, the evidence for its role in the development of infectious disease is less understood. We aimed to examine prospective associations between depression and risk of hospitalisation for infection in middle-aged adults from the UK Biobank (linked with Hospital Episode Statistics) and assessed the role of several depression-related factors.