Prevalence of dietary supplement consumption among CrossFit practitioners.

Purpose: We aimed to verify the prevalence of dietary supplements among CrossFit practitioners (CFPs), considering gender and training status. Still, we aimed to determine the type, reasons, and associated factors of dietary supplement utilization among CFPs.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study with the snowball sampling method.

Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo.

is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastically reducing patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that vitiligo is associated with several genetic polymorphisms related to auto-reactivity from the immune system to melanocytes.

Emotional eating, binge eating, physical inactivity, and vespertine chronotype are negative predictors of dietary practices during COVID-19 social isolation: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Several countries have imposed lockdown and isolation in attempt to mitigate viral spread. However, social isolation has a negative effect on psychological aspects, increasing stress, fear, anxiety, anger and emotional disturbance, as well as affecting sleep pattern and the practice of physical activity.

The world war against the COVID-19 outbreak: don't forget to sleep!

Mônico-Neto M, dos Santos, RVT, Moreira Antunes HK. The world war against the COVID-19 outbreak: don't forget to sleep! . 2020;16(7):1215.

Influence of curcumin on glycemic profile, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress in HIV-infected individuals: A randomized controlled trial.

To evaluate the influence of curcumin supplementation on the glycemic profile, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress in HIV-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy. This double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial was composed of 20 subjects arranged initially into experimental group (n = 10) and placebo group (n = 10) groups, receiving 1,000 mg curcumin/day or microcrystalline cellulose/day, respectively, during a 30-day period and 12-day washout. Subsequently, the groups were switched to follow the crossover design.

Effects of intensity-matched exercise at different intensities on inflammatory responses in able-bodied and spinal cord injured individuals.

To compare the effects of intensity-matched acute exercise at different intensities on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines between able-bodied (AB) and spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals. Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Community settings in São Paulo - Brazil.

Effects of functional training and 2 interdisciplinary interventions on maximal oxygen uptake and weight loss of women with obesity: a randomized clinical trial.

Our aim was to analyze and compare functional training, interdisciplinary therapy, and interdisciplinary education on cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) and anthropometric characteristics of women with obesity. Forty-four women (age = 39.7 ± 5.

Anti-inflammatory response to acute exercise is related with intensity and physical fitness.

Purpose: The relationship between inflammatory markers and energetic metabolism has been explored. However, the relationship between exercise intensity and fitness status is unclear, and it is necessary to understand this relationship to apply specific exercise guidance. The purpose of the study was to analyze metabolic and inflammatory responses imposed by acute exercise sessions performed at moderate, heavy, and severe intensities and their relationship with the physical fitness status.

Melatonin and sleep responses to normobaric hypoxia and aerobic physical exercise: A randomized controlled trial.

This work evaluated the effects of moderate physical exercise performed under hypoxic conditions on melatonin and sleep. Forty healthy men were randomized into four groups: Normoxia (N) (n = 10); Hypoxia (H) (n = 10); Exercise under Normoxia (EN) (n = 10); and Exercise under Hypoxia (EH) (n = 10). The observation period for all groups was approximately 36 h, beginning with a first night devoid of any intervention.

Physical activity as a moderator for obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiometabolic risk in the EPISONO study.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is positively associated with cardiometabolic diseases; however, high levels of physical activity could decrease the incidence of OSA and associated comorbidities.In this study we aimed to examine the incidence of OSA in relation to physical activity, and its role as a protective factor in individuals with OSA on the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, in an 8-9-year follow-up study. We analysed data of 658 volunteers from the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO), a cohort study of individuals aged 20-80 years, collected through polysomnography, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and an assessment of cardiometabolic profile.

Effects of Carbohydrate and Glutamine Supplementation on Oral Mucosa Immunity after Strenuous Exercise at High Altitude: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial.

This study analyzed the effects of carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation on salivary immunity after exercise at a simulated altitude of 4500 m. Fifteen volunteers performed exercise of 70% of VO until exhaustion and were divided into three groups: hypoxia placebo, hypoxia 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min), and hypoxia after six days glutamine (20 g/day) and 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min). All procedures were randomized and double-blind.

The Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor mRNA expression is involved with inflammatory control after downhill exercise in the triceps brachii intermediary head in Wistar rats.

After severe skeletal muscle damage, communication between inflammatory macrophages, myogenic cells, and modulatory secretion factors is essential to induce re-establishment of skeletal muscle structure. To analyze when characteristic gene expression of macrophages, myogenic cells, and SLPI are modulated after an exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) downhill protocol. Twenty-six rats were exposed to an experimental protocol of exercise and euthanized before (CTRL), immediately after (G0), and 24 (G24) and 48 (G48) hours after the exercise.

Carbohydrate Supplementation Influences Serum Cytokines after Exercise under Hypoxic Conditions.

Introduction: Exercise performed at the hypoxia equivalent of an altitude of 4200 m is associated with elevated inflammatory mediators and changes in the Th1/Th2 response. By contrast, supplementation with carbohydrates has an anti-inflammatory effect when exercise is performed under normoxic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate supplementation on cytokines and cellular damage markers after exercise under hypoxic conditions at a simulated altitude of 4200 m.

Macrophage Polarization: Implications on Metabolic Diseases and the Role of Exercise.

Macrophages are cells of the innate immune response that trigger inflammation resolution. The phenotype of "classically activated macrophages" (M1) has anti-tumoricidal and anti-bactericidal activities. On the other hand, "alternatively activated macrophages" (M2) are involved in tissue remodeling and immunomodulatory functions.

Impact of Doxorubicin Treatment on the Physiological Functions of White Adipose Tissue.

White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a fundamental role in maintaining energy balance and important endocrine functions. The loss of WAT modifies adipokine secretion and disrupts homeostasis, potentially leading to severe metabolic effects and a reduced quality of life. Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent used clinically because of its good effectiveness against various types of cancer.

The impact of sleep on age-related sarcopenia: Possible connections and clinical implications.

Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition that comprises declined skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, leading to the risk of multiple adverse outcomes, including death. Its pathophysiology involves neuroendocrine and inflammatory factors, unfavorable nutritional habits and low physical activity. Sleep may play a role in muscle protein metabolism, although this hypothesis has not been studied extensively.

Exercise improves immune function, antidepressive response, and sleep quality in patients with chronic primary insomnia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise training on sleep, depression, cortisol, and markers of immune function in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Twenty-one sedentary participants (16 women aged 44.7 ± 9 years) with chronic primary insomnia completed a 4-month intervention of moderate aerobic exercise.

Carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation modulates the Th1/Th2 balance after exercise performed at a simulated altitude of 4500 m.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation, or a combination of the two, on the immune system and inflammatory parameters after exercise in simulated hypoxic conditions at 4500 m.

Methods: Nine men underwent three sessions of exercise at 70% VO2peak until exhaustion as follows: 1) hypoxia with a placebo; 2) hypoxia with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after; and 3) hypoxia after 6 d of glutamine supplementation (20 g/d) and supplementation with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after. All procedures were randomized and double blind.

Downhill exercise-induced changes in gene expression related with macrophage polarization and myogenic cells in the triceps long head of rats.

Macrophages are one of the most heterogenic immune cells involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. After skeletal muscle damage, M1 phenotypes exhibit pro-inflammatory reaction. In a later stage, they are converted to M2 phenotypes with anti-inflammatory properties.

Can high altitude influence cytokines and sleep?

The number of persons who relocate to regions of high altitude for work, pleasure, sport, or residence increases every year. It is known that the reduced supply of oxygen (O2) induced by acute or chronic increases in altitude stimulates the body to adapt to new metabolic challenges imposed by hypoxia. Sleep can suffer partial fragmentation because of the exposure to high altitudes, and these changes have been described as one of the responsible factors for the many consequences at high altitudes.

Low-grade inflammation and spinal cord injury: exercise as therapy?

An increase in the prevalence of obesity in people with spinal cord injury can contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation and increase the risk of infection in this population. A decrease in sympathetic activity contributes to immunosuppression due to the lower activation of immune cells in the blood. The effects of physical exercise on inflammatory parameters in individuals with spinal cord injury have not been well described.

High altitude exposure impairs sleep patterns, mood, and cognitive functions.

This work evaluated the importance of sleep on mood and cognition after 24 h of exposure to hypoxia. Ten males, aged 23-30 years, were placed in a normobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 4,500 m. Sleep assessments were conducted from 22:00-6:00; all mood and cognitive assessments were performed 20 min after awakening.

Effect of exercise on glutamine metabolism in macrophages of trained rats.

This study investigated the effect of exercise on glutamine metabolism in macrophages of trained rats. Rats were divided into three groups: sedentary (SED); moderately trained (MOD) rats that were swim trained 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks; and exhaustively trained (EXT) rats that were similarly trained as MOD for 5 weeks and, in the 6th week, trained in three 1-h sessions/day with 150 min of rest between sessions. The animals swam with a load equivalent to 5.

Effect of exercise on glutamine synthesis and transport in skeletal muscle from rats.

1. Reductions in plasma glutamine are observed after prolonged exercise. Three hypotheses can explain such a decrease: (i) high demand by the liver and kidney; (ii) impaired release from muscles; and (iii) decreased synthesis in skeletal muscle.