Intervention diversity predicts social rehabilitation indicators at discharge in Therapeutic Communities.

Introduction: The Therapeutic Community Model narrows the gap in substance use disorder's network of assistance in Brazil by offering residential treatment to socially vulnerable populations. Due to a historical lack of evidence-based approaches, the government has established treatment guidelines and has been trying to implement training and monitoring methods.

Method: This study analysed real-world data from the monitoring system implemented in the largest network of institutions receiving public funds in the State of Sao Paulo.

Contingency management is effective in promoting abstinence and retention in treatment among crack cocaine users with a previous history of poor treatment response: a crossover trial.

Background: Crack use has become a severe health problem in Brazil. Contingency management has shown robust evidence of efficacy in the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD) in high-income countries; however, it is still unclear how this intervention can impact treatment in low-income countries.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of contingency management in the treatment of CUD among individuals with a previous history of poor treatment response in Brazil.

Characteristics of Brazilian women affected by a substance misusing relative.

As in many other health disorders, people who misuse substances tend to be assisted by female caregivers. Despite this, little is known about the characteristics of women affected by a substance misusing relative (SMR). Data from 2541 Brazilian female affected family members (AFM) were analyzed.

Factors associated with attrition rate in a supportive care service for substance using pregnant women in Brazil.

Background And Objectives: Retaining substance using women in antenatal care remains a major challenge. This study explored factors associated with attrition rate among women with substance use problems attending a supportive care service during pregnancy and soon after the birth of the infant.

Methods: Records of 166 women's antenatal consultations were analyzed.

Guidelines of the Brazilian Association of Studies on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ABEAD) for diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity with alcohol and other substance and dependence.

In recent years, several studies have been focused on the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders with alcohol and other substance dependence. In this context, the Brazilian Association of Studies on Alcohol and Other Drugs initiated a project to establish Brazilian Guidelines. The aim of this study was to review diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities.

Binge drinking among Brazilians: Higher drinking frequency increases related problems.

Abstract Aims: To correlate binge drinking (BD) with alcohol-related problems (ARP) in the Brazilian population. Methods: A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in 143 Brazilian cities. Associations between the frequencies of BD and ARP were gathered using an ordered logit regression model.

Depression during gestation in adolescent mothers interferes with neonatal neurobehavior.

Objective: To compare the neurobehavior of neonates born to adolescent mothers with and without depression during gestation.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included healthy term neonates born to adolescent mothers with untreated depression during gestation, without exposure to legal or illicit drugs, and compared them with infants born to adolescent mothers without psychiatric disorders. Maternal psychiatric diagnoses were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.

Sociodemographic characteristics associated with binge drinking among Brazilians.

Background: Binge drinking (BD) is a harmful pattern of alcohol use. This study describes this pattern of drinking and the sociodemographic variables associated with it in a representative sample of Brazilians.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 3007 individuals using a multistage probabilistic sample was conducted in 143 Brazilian municipalities.

Clinical and demographic profile of anesthesiologists using alcohol and other drugs under treatment in a pioneering program in Brazil.

Background And Objectives: Anesthesiologists are the majority in impaired-physician programs that assist physicians who abuse psychoactive substances. The aim of this paper is to show a descriptive study about the clinical and sociodemographic profile of a sample of chemically dependent anesthesiologists treated in a reference program. In addition, the objective is to cite the psychiatric comorbities, the most frequently used drugs and the psychosocial and professional repercussions of substance abuse.

[The Impact of Prohibition on drinking and driving in Belo Horizonte in the State of Minas Gerais].

The scope of this paper is to present comparative data on drinking and driving behavior among drivers in Belo Horizonte in the State of Minas Gerais, in the period from 2005 to 2009, evaluating the impact of Law No. 11.705 (Prohibition), dated June 6, 2008.

Cannabis use before age 15 and subsequent executive functioning.

Background: Many studies have suggested that adolescence is a period of particular vulnerability to neurocognitive effects associated with substance misuse. However, few large studies have measured differences in cognitive performance between chronic cannabis users who started in early adolescence (before age 15) with those who started later.

Aims: To examine the executive functioning of individuals who started chronic cannabis use before age 15 compared with those who started chronic cannabis use after 15 and controls.

Prevalence and correlates of gambling problems among a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adolescents.

The objectives of the study are: (a) to provide the first prevalence estimates of pathological gambling among Brazilian adolescents using an age-specific instrument in a nationally representative sample; (b) to investigate the extent to which adolescents participate in gambling activities in a developing country; and (c) to correlate different levels of gambling behavior with demographic variables. Multistage cluster sampling selected 3,007 individuals over 14 years of age from Brazilian household population. A total of 661 participants were between 14 and 17 years old.

Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a simple tool for detecting executive deficits in chronic cannabis users.

Background: Cannabis is the most used illicit drug in the world, and its use has been associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction, including deficits in executive functions (EF). Considering that EF may influence treatment outcome, it would be interesting to have a brief neuropsychological battery to assess EF in chronic cannabis users (CCU). In the present study, the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), a brief, easy to use neuropsychological instrument aimed to evaluate EF, was used to evaluate cognitive functioning of CCU.

Neurobehavioral profile of healthy full-term newborn infants of adolescent mothers.

Background: The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) is used to assess neurological integrity, behavioral function and the existence of stress and abstinence signs in newborn infants.

Aim: To determine the neurobehavioral profile of healthy term neonates of adolescent mothers.

Design: Cross-sectional study with prospective collection of data.

Exposure to marijuana during pregnancy alters neurobehavior in the early neonatal period.

Objective: To assess the neurobehavior of full-term neonates of adolescent mothers exposed to marijuana during pregnancy.

Study Design: This prospective cross-sectional study included full-term infants within 24 to 72 hours of life born to adolescent mothers at a single center in Brazil. Data on sociodemographic and obstetrical and neonatal characteristics were collected.

[Guidelines of the Brazilian Association of Studies on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ABEAD) for diagnoses and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity with alcohol and other drugs dependence].

Recently, several studies have focused on comorbity psychiatric disorders with alcohol and other substance dependence. The Brazilian Association of Studies on Alcohol and Other Drugs proposed the Brazilian Guidelines project. This study review diagnostic and therapeutic criteria to the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities.

Formal education and nurses' attitudes towards alcohol and alcoholism in a Brazilian sample.

Context And Objective: Nurses are one of the largest groups of healthcare professionals sharing in patient care responsibilities, including caring for those who use and abuse psychoactive substances. The objective was to evaluate the theoretical-practical knowledge acquired by nurses in undergraduate and postgraduate studies and their perceptions about alcohol users.

Design And Setting: Quantitative, descriptive survey at Universidade Federal de São Paulo--Escola Paulista de Medicina and Hospital São Paulo.

[Clinical and demographical aspects of alcohol and drug dependent physicians].

Unlabelled: The misuse of alcohol and drugs among physicians is a common cause of malpractice, absenteeism and complaints to the Medical Councils. This problem demands more attention, because it entails risks to the population and to the physicians themselves.

Aims: To describe the clinical and demographic profile of a sample of physicians in treatment for alcohol and drug dependence also to evaluate psychiatric comorbidity and consumption-related consequences.

Genetic diversity and HIV-1 incidence estimation among cocaine users in São Paulo, Brazil.

We describe HIV-1 incidence and the prevalence of genetic subtypes among cocaine users in São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional HIV-1 survey was carried out among 839 current cocaine users attending seven drug treatment units in the São Paulo metropolitan area from 1997 to 1998. HIV-1 subtyping was performed among 41 positive individuals using the heteroduplex mobility assay and DNA sequencing.