Intervention diversity predicts social rehabilitation indicators at discharge in Therapeutic Communities.

Introduction: The Therapeutic Community Model narrows the gap in substance use disorder's network of assistance in Brazil by offering residential treatment to socially vulnerable populations. Due to a historical lack of evidence-based approaches, the government has established treatment guidelines and has been trying to implement training and monitoring methods.

Method: This study analysed real-world data from the monitoring system implemented in the largest network of institutions receiving public funds in the State of Sao Paulo.

Religiosity as a potential mediator for violence in childhood and adulthood: results from a Brazilian nationally representative survey.

Objectives: Although previous studies have investigated the role of religiosity in violence outcomes, there is a lack of studies including this aspect as a mediator for violence in childhood and adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between religiosity and violence in childhood, as well as the possible mediating role of religiosity between suffering violence in childhood and suffering and/or perpetrating violence in adulthood.

Design: Cross-sectional population-based study carried out from November 2011 to March 2012.

The Perceptions of Domestic Violence by a Family Member Who Uses Crack or Cocaine: A Secondary Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

To evaluate the relationship between crack/cocaine use and domestic violence perpetration from the perspective of substance users' families. A secondary retrospective cross-sectional study, with 3162 family members of crack/cocaine users seeking treatment in the Recomeço Família Programme in São Paulo/Brazil was undertaken. Family members of crack/cocaine users reported that their relatives were more involved in domestic violence such as stealing (money and objects) at home [Odds Ratio Adjusted ORA = 2.

Real world evidence in involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations: 64,685 cases.

Objective: We explored hospitalization patterns and the clinical and individual characteristics of a large cohort of patients who underwent involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in Brazil (n=64,685).

Methods: Data were collected from the District Attorney's Office of the State of São Paulo (Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo) on all involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations in the city of São Paulo between January 2003 and February 2020. The annual involuntary psychiatric hospitalization rate was calculated and descriptive statistics of the characteristics were produced.

Effectiveness of incorporating contingency management into a public treatment program for people who use crack cocaine in Brazil. A single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Smoked cocaine (i.e., crack use) is a severe health problem in Brazil, with the country being reported as having the largest crack market in the world.

Cannabis Consumption Onset and Addiction: Data from the Second Brazilian Drugs and Alcohol Survey (BNADS).

The objective of this study was to provide rates of cannabis use and dependence and risk factors, proposing a conditional path model for cannabis addiction. A subsample of adult participants from a Brazilian household survey was analyzed to estimate cannabis dependence. Estimation of prevalence rates and association between dependence and age of cannabis use initiation were performed.

Factors associated with crack-cocaine early initiation: a Brazilian multicenter study.

Background: Crack-cocaine dependence is a serious public health issue, related to several psychiatric and psychosocial problems. Crack-cocaine users are usually embedded in a context of great social vulnerability, often associated with violence, poverty, family conflict and easy and early access to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled a consecutive sample of 577 patients admitted to 20 therapeutic communities located in Southern Brazil, between September 2012 and September 2013.

Acceptability and feasibility of incorporating contingency management into a public treatment program for homeless crack cocaine users in Brazil: A pilot study.

Homeless substance users are particularly hard to treat. In this pilot study, we evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of incorporating Contingency Management (CM) into a public Abstinent-Contingent Housing (ACH) treatment program developed to treat currently homeless crack cocaine users. A total of 21 homeless crack cocaine users were randomized to receive 12 weeks of ACH alone (n = 9) or ACH plus CM (ACH + CM) (n = 12).

Relapse in involuntary substance treatment: a transversal study.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between relapse and admissions (voluntary and involuntary) in a sample of patients with substance dependence.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study undertaken at a private medical therapeutic community specialised in treating addiction, located in a rural area of São Paulo, Brazil. Sociodemographic characteristics, the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA), Stages Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-SCID were used.

Cannabidiol for the treatment of crack-cocaine craving: an exploratory double-blind study.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD) in the management of crack-cocaine craving and the treatment of frequent withdrawal symptoms.

Methods: Thirty-one men with a diagnosis of crack-cocaine dependence were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. We applied neuropsychological tests and assessed craving intensity, anxiety and depression symptoms, and substance use patterns at baseline and at the end of the trial.

The effect of religiosity on violence: Results from a Brazilian population-based representative survey of 4,607 individuals.

Although there is a wide array of evidence showing the beneficial effect of religiosity on violence among adolescents, nationwide studies in the general population are scarce. This study aims to explore whether religiosity is associated or not with diminishing violence in a Brazilian population-based representative sample. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012 using face-to-face interviews and included 4,608 individuals 14 years and older.

Substance-using adolescents admitted to inpatient treatment: Characteristics and factors associated with length of time in treatment.

Unlabelled: Studies of adolescents receiving inpatient substance use treatment remain limited. We explored the characteristics of adolescents who received substance use treatment as inpatients in a psychiatric hospital in Brazil and factors associated with length of time in this treatment.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed.

Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Mental Health in a Brazilian National Sample.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported rape and its associations with other forms of violence and mental health outcomes. The Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey is a probabilistic household survey that collected data from 4,283 Brazilians aged 14 years and older in 2012. The prevalence of rape was 2.

HIV and syphilis infections and associated factors among patients in treatment at a Specialist Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs Center in São Paulo's "Cracolândia".

Introduction: This study describes the epidemiological scenario of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis at the biggest specialist drug addiction center in Brazil. The great challenge is to find strategies to reduce the impact of inequality and discrimination and develop policies to protect individuals living with - or at risk of - infections.

Methods: During the period from January 1 to May 31, 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on which all patients (N = 806) seeking inpatient treatment were enrolled.

Family members affected by multiple substance misuse relatives.

Purpose: The heterogenic characteristics of affected family members (AFMs) of substance misusing relative (SMR) remain understudied. This study examined the occurrence and correlates of AFMs having more than one relative with substance use problems.

Material And Methods: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study on the characteristics of affected family members in Brazil was performed (N= 3157).

Violence and substance use in sexual minorities: Data from the Second Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey (II BNADS).

Objective: To describe the prevalence of substance use and the associations between adverse early life experiences, sexual behaviour and violence in sexual minority (SM) individuals.

Methods: The Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey is a probabilistic household survey performed in 2012, collecting data from 4067 Brazilians aged 14 years and older.

Results: 3.

Contingency management is effective in promoting abstinence and retention in treatment among crack cocaine users with a previous history of poor treatment response: a crossover trial.

Background: Crack use has become a severe health problem in Brazil. Contingency management has shown robust evidence of efficacy in the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD) in high-income countries; however, it is still unclear how this intervention can impact treatment in low-income countries.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of contingency management in the treatment of CUD among individuals with a previous history of poor treatment response in Brazil.

Gender Differences in Gambling Exposure and At-risk Gambling Behavior.

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in gambling exposure and onset of gambling problems among male and female gamblers by comparing their demographic and behavioral profiles. This study utilized data from the gambling section of the First Brazilian National Alcohol Survey and Related Behaviors. Interviews were conducted with 3007 participants who were recruited after screening for at-risk gambling behaviors.

Adulterants in crack cocaine in Brazil.

Introduction: Brazil is the world's biggest consumer of crack cocaine, and dependence is a major public health issue. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of potentially harmful adulterants present in hair samples from Brazilian patients with crack cocaine dependence.

Method: We evaluated adulterants in hair samples extracted by convenience from 100 patients admitted at the 48 hour-observation unit of Centro de Referência de Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Drogas (CRATOD), Brazil's largest center for addiction treatment.

Genome-wide DNA methylation profile in the peripheral blood of cocaine and crack dependents.

Objective: Cocaine use disorders (CUDs) represent a major public health problem in many countries. To better understand the interaction between the environmental modulations and phenotype, the aim of the present study was to investigate the DNA methylation pattern of CUD patients, who had concomitant cocaine and crack dependence, and healthy controls.

Methods: We studied DNA methylation profiles in the peripheral blood of 23 CUD patients and 24 healthy control subjects using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays.