Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation versus percutaneous ethanol injection for early hepatocellular carcinoma in a resource-poor setting: a randomized trial.

Objective: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation compared with percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to the objective response rate and costs related to the procedure.

Methods: This was a prospective single-center randomized trial. The primary outcome was cost-effectiveness.

Strategies for improving image quality in prostate MRI.

Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands as the cornerstone in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), offering superior detection capabilities while minimizing unnecessary biopsies. Despite its critical role, global disparities in MRI diagnostic performance persist, stemming from variations in image quality and radiologist expertise. This manuscript reviews the challenges and strategies for enhancing image quality in prostate MRI, spanning patient preparation, MRI unit optimization, and radiology team engagement.

PRECISE Version 2: Updated Recommendations for Reporting Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: The Prostate Cancer Radiological Estimation of Change in Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE) recommendations standardise the reporting of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. An international consensus group recently updated these recommendations and identified the areas of uncertainty.

Methods: A panel of 38 experts used the formal RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method consensus methodology.

Multispecies comparative prostate anatomy by imaging: Implications for experimental models of prostatic disease.

Background: There is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective.

Musculoskeletal pitfalls in Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein expressed in normal prostate cells and overexpressed in prostate cancer. Consequently, it is an important tool in the evaluation of prostate cancer, including the staging of high-risk patients and the assessment of biochemical recurrence. Despite the "specific" designation, benign musculoskeletal conditions, such as fractures, osteodegenerative changes, and fibrous dysplasia, can also show PSMA uptake, which can lead to misinterpretation of the imaging findings.

Extramedullary haematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia: a cross-sectional description of its prevalence, clinical features and survival.

Introduction: Despite knowledge advances on extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) in thalassemic patients, the real picture remains an open issue.

Objectives: To assess EMH prevalence in patients with thalassemia major (TM) and intermedia (TI), to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and to explore clinical risk factors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, images and clinical records of 184 consecutive patients with thalassemia who underwent T2* MRI between 2004 and 2011 were reviewed.

Quality assessment of prostate MRI by PI-QUAL score: Inter-reader agreement and impact on prostate cancer local staging at 3 Tesla.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score impacts prostate cancer (PCa) staging on MRI. The secondary goal was to test inter-reader agreement among radiologists experienced in prostate imaging.

Method: A retrospective, single-center study with patients who underwent 3 Tesla prostate MRI scans and were submitted to radical prostatectomy (RP) between January 2018 and November 2021 and were eligible for our study.

Prostate imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging of young patients.

Objective: To identify magnetic resonance imaging findings of the prostate in young adults, including symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main aspects of prostate imaging in young patients.

Methods: A total of 102 patients under 40 years of age, who underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging between January 2016 and January 2019, were included in this study.

Virtual hepatectomy and metastasectomy 3D simulation using an automated and semiautomated tool applied to preoperative CT in the treatment of colorectal cancer metastases.

Colorectal cancer represents the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy in adults. The most common site of metastases is the liver and 40% of patients in stage IV have liver only disease. Hepatic metastases are the major determinants of morbidity and mortality in these patients, with surgery being the treatment of choice or even curative in these cases.

Comparative analysis of somatostatin analog uptake between successfully irradiated and non-irradiated meningiomas.

Objective: To evaluate whether there is a significant difference in somatostatin analog uptake in meningiomas treated or not with radiation therapy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed comparing measurements of somatostatin analog (68Ga-DOTATATE) uptake in two independent groups of ten patients each - one consisting of patients with meningiomas previously treated with radiation therapy and another comprising patients who had never been submitted to radiation therapy. All patients underwent PET/CT and MRI scans in an interval shorter than 24 hours between exams.

T2-weighted imaging hypointensity in an ovarian lesion: is it a benign finding?

Objective: To evaluate whether the presence of a hypointense signal at T2-weighted imaging in a solid ovarian lesion on magnetic resonance imaging is a predictor of stability and benignity.

Methods: This is a single center study, prospectively read with retrospective acquired data. The database was searched for patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging between January 2008 and October 2019 and whose reports mentioned solid ovarian lesions with low signal on T2-weighted imaging.

Accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT and PET-MRI in lymph node staging for localized prostate cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of positron emission computed tomography or magnetic resonance (PET-CT and PET-MRI) using gallium-68-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) in lymph node involvement in prostate cancer.

Methods: A retrospective study comprising 91 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2016 to 2020, who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT or PET-MRI for staging before prostatectomy. The patients were divided into Group 1, with 65 patients with satisfactory pathological lymph node analysis, and Group 2, with 91 patients representing the sum of patients with pathological lymph node analysis and those with postoperative prostate-specific antigen within 60 days after surgery.

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Local Staging (T Category) of Penile Cancer and the Value of Artificial Erection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Treatment recommendations of penile cancers are determined primarily by the local extent of the primary tumor. Clinical palpation is used for local staging. We reviewed diagnostic performance of MRI in local staging of penile cancer in three clinical scenarios (questions [Qs] 1 through 3, Q1-Q3) and one imaging scenario (Q4).

Enhancement patterns of adrenal nodules on magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To compare enhancement patterns of typical adrenal adenomas, lipid-poor adenomas, and non-adenomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Evaluation of adrenal nodules larger than 1.0 cm, with at least 2-year follow-up, evaluated on MRI in January 2007 and December 2016.

Accuracy of Ga-PSMA PET/CT for lymph node and bone primary staging in prostate cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of the Ga-PSMA PET/CT for lymph nodes and bones in the primary stage of prostate cancer.

Methods: A total of 126 patients who were submitted to Ga-PSMA PET/CT from January 2016 to February 2019 for prostate cancer staging, detection of clinically significant lesions or active surveillance were included in this study. All studies were read by 2 experienced physicians (a nuclear physician and a radiologist).

Evaluation of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) sequence with 3 Tesla device in renal transplant patients in the assessment of early allograft disfunction, correlated with biopsy.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla to measure tissue oxygen bioavailability based on R2* values, and to differentiate between acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection compared to renal biopsy (gold standard).

Methods: A prospective, single-center study, with patients submitted to renal transplantation between 2013 and 2014, who developed graft dysfunction less than 4 weeks after transplantation. All patients were submitted to abdominal magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla using the same protocol, followed by two BOLD sequences and kidney biopsy.

Which criteria can be used to predict benignity in solid renal lesions lower-equal to 2 cm?

Purpose: To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria of solid renal lesions lower-equal to 2 cm to differentiate benign and malignant tumors, using histopathology as gold standard.

Methods: Three radiologists independently evaluated objective and subjective MRI criteria of focal renal lesions. A total of 105 nodules of patients who had MRI and histopathological results in our institution were included.

Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses, Version 2019: A Pictorial Guide to Clinical Use.

Cystic renal masses are commonly encountered in clinical practice. In 2019, the Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses, originally developed for CT, underwent a major revision to incorporate MRI and is referred to as the Bosniak Classification, version 2019. The proposed changes attempt to define renal masses (ie, cystic tumors with less than 25% enhancing tissue) to which the classification should be applied; emphasize specificity for diagnosis of cystic renal cancers, thereby decreasing the number of benign and indolent cystic masses that are unnecessarily treated or imaged further; improve interobserver agreement by defining imaging features, terms, and classes of cystic renal masses; reduce variation in reported malignancy rates for each of the Bosniak classes; incorporate MRI and to some extent US; and be applicable to all cystic renal masses encountered in clinical practice, including those that had been considered indeterminate with the original classification.

Consensus on Screening, Diagnosis, and Staging Tools for Prostate Cancer in Developing Countries: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: To generate and present the survey results on critical issues relevant to screening, diagnosis, and staging tools for prostate cancer (PCa) focused on developing countries.

Methods: A total of 36 of 300 questions concern the main areas of interest of this paper: (1) screening, (2) diagnosis, and (3) staging for various risk levels of PCa in developing countries. A panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create recommendations for screening, diagnosing, and staging tools for PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this manuscript.

Treatment of Localized and Locally Advanced, High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries.

Purpose: To generate and present survey results on important issues relevant to treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) focusing on developing countries.

Methods: A panel of 99 PCa experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 67 questions concern the main areas of interest of this article: treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk PCa in developing countries. A larger panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create the recommendations for treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this article.